EditFrom NeuroLex
Cocaine
| Name: | Cocaine |
| Description: | An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake. (PubChem) Pharmacology: Cocaine is a local anesthetic indicated for the introduction of local (topical) anesthesia of accessible mucous membranes of the oral, laryngeal and nasal cavities. Mechanism of action: Cocaine produces anesthesia by inhibiting excitation of nerve endings or by blocking conduction in peripheral nerves. This is achieved by reversibly binding to and inactivating sodium channels. Sodium influx through these channels is necessary for the depolarization of nerve cell membranes and subsequent propagation of impulses along the course of the nerve. Cocaine is the only local anesthetic with vasoconstrictive properties. This is a result of its blockade of norepinephrine reuptake in the autonomic nervous system. Cocaine binds differentially to the dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine transport proteins and directly prevents the re-uptake of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine into pre-synaptic neurons. Cocaine also produces a number of indirect actions, which alter other neuromodulatory systems (i.e., opioidergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic systems). Drug type: Approved. Illicit. Small Molecule. Drug category: Anesthetics. Anesthetics, Local. Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors. Local Anesthetics. Vasoconstrictor Agents |
| Synonym(s): | Benzoylethylecgonine, Benzoylmethylecgonine, Beta-Cocain, Cocain, Cocaina, Cocaine-M, D-pseudococaine, Delcaine, Depsococaine, Dextrocaine, Eritroxilina, Erytroxylin, Isocaine, Isococain, Isococaine, L-Cocain, L-Cocaine, Methyl Benzoylecgonine, Neurocaine, Cocaine hydrochloride, Cocaine HCl |
| Related to: | D(1A) dopamine receptor, Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha, Sodium channel protein type 11 subunit alpha, Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha, Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 1, Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter, D(3) dopamine receptor, Kappa-type opioid receptor, Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter, Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter |
| Has role: | Drug, Drug of abuse role |
| Abbreviation: | COC |
| Super-category: | Molecular entity |
| URL: | http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00907 |
| Id: | CHEBI_27958 |
| Link to OWL / RDF: | Download this content as OWL/RDF |
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Facts about CocaineRDF feed
| Abbrev | COC + |
| Comment | taken from DrugBank |
| CurationStatus | uncurated + |
| Curator | Ab + |
| DefiningCitation | http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00907 + |
| Definition | An alkaloid ester extracted from the leave … An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake. (PubChem) Pharmacology: Cocaine is a local anesthetic indicated for the introduction of local (topical) anesthesia of accessible mucous membranes of the oral, laryngeal and nasal cavities. Mechanism of action: Cocaine produces anesthesia by inhibiting excitation of nerve endings or by blocking conduction in peripheral nerves. This is achieved by reversibly binding to and inactivating sodium channels. Sodium influx through these channels is necessary for the depolarization of nerve cell membranes and subsequent propagation of impulses along the course of the nerve. Cocaine is the only local anesthetic with vasoconstrictive properties. This is a result of its blockade of norepinephrine reuptake in the autonomic nervous system. Cocaine binds differentially to the dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine transport proteins and directly prevents the re-uptake of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine into pre-synaptic neurons. Cocaine also produces a number of indirect actions, which alter other neuromodulatory systems (i.e., opioidergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic systems). Drug type: Approved. Illicit. Small Molecule. Drug category: Anesthetics. Anesthetics, Local. Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors. Local Anesthetics. Vasoconstrictor Agents Local Anesthetics. Vasoconstrictor Agents |
| Has role | Drug +, and Drug of abuse role + |
| Id | CHEBI_27958 + |
| Label | Cocaine + |
| ModifiedDate | 9 July 2010 + |
| RelatedTo | D(1A) dopamine receptor +, Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha +, Sodium channel protein type 11 subunit alpha +, Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha +, Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 1 +, Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter +, D(3) dopamine receptor +, Kappa-type opioid receptor +, Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter +, and Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter + |
| SuperCategory | Molecular entity + |
| Synonym | Benzoylethylecgonine +, Benzoylmethylecgonine +, Beta-Cocain +, Cocain +, Cocaina +, Cocaine-M +, D-pseudococaine +, Delcaine +, Depsococaine +, Dextrocaine +, Eritroxilina +, Erytroxylin +, Isocaine +, Isococain +, Isococaine +, L-Cocain +, L-Cocaine +, Methyl Benzoylecgonine +, Neurocaine +, Cocaine hydrochloride +, and Cocaine HCl + |