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| Synonym | Definition | Comment | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 | |||
| 2-Chloro-Adenosine 5'-diphosphate | |||
| 2-methylthio adenosine 5'-diphosphate | |||
| 2-methylthio adenosine 5'-triphosphate | |||
| 5-oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid | |||
| AMPA-type glutamate-gated cationic channel | AMPA receptor AMPA AMPAR |
Cell surface proteins that bind glutamate and directly gate ion channels in cell membranes. AMPA receptors were originally discriminated from other glutamate receptors by their affinity for the agonist AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid). They are probably the most common mediators of fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. Several subtypes have been cloned, and for some types the traditional distinction from kainate receptors may not apply (MSH). | |
| ANKTM1 | ankyrin-like with transmembrane domains 1 | ||
| ATP-gated ion channel | P2X receptor-linked ion channel ATP2x receptor-linked ion channel ATP2x receptor P2X receptor |
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| Acetate | |||
| Acetylcholine | A neurotransmitter. Acetylcholine in vertebrates is the major transmitter at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system. It is generally not used as an administered drug because it is broken down very rapidly by cholinesterases, but it is useful in some ophthalmological applications (MSH). | ||
| Acetylcholine-gated channel (nicotinic) | Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor nAChR |
This is an acetylcholine binding, cationic channel, which is primarily found on the muscle tissue of vertebrates. | |
| Adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate | |||
| Adenosine 5'-O-(2-fluoro)-diphosphate | |||
| Adenosine 5'-O-(2-thio)-diphosphate | |||
| Adenosine 5'-O-(3-thio)-triphosphate | |||
| Adenosine 5'-diphosphate | |||
| Adenosine 5'-monophosphate | |||
| Adenosine 5'-triphosphate | |||
| Adrenocorticotropic hormone | |||
| Adrenomedullin | |||
| Alpha bungarotoxin | α-bungarotoxin | A type of bungarotoxin derived from the venom of the Taiwanese cobra Bugarus multicinctus. It is a peptide of 74 amino acids that bind to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor with high affiniα-bungarotoxinty. | |
| Alpha-Synuclein DNA | The alpha-Synuclein gene is mapped to human chromosome 4q21.3-q22 and organized as seven exons, five of which are protein-coding. | ||
| Alpha-Synuclein RNA | The alpha-Synuclein mRNA is targeted when researchers target alpha-Synuclein gene expression. | ||
| Alpha-ketoglutarate | a-ketoglutarate | ||
| Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone | a-melanocyte stimulating hormone | ||
| Amino Acid | Amino acids | Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins (MSH). | |
| Aminoalkylindole | |||
| Amylin | |||
| Anaphylatoxin C3a | |||
| Anaphylatoxin C5a | |||
| Angiotensin | |||
| Anionic cys-loop ligand-gated ion channel | |||
| Apelin | |||
| Arachidonic acid | (5Z 8Z 11Z 14Z)-icosa-5 8 11 14-tetraenoic acid |
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| Aspartate | HO2CCH(NH2)CH2CO2H Aspartic acid |
the carboxylate anion of aspartic acid and the L-isomer of aspartate is one of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the building blocks of proteins. Its codons are GAU and GAC. (adapted from Wikipedia) | |
| BAM8-22 | |||
| Beta-Amyloid | Amyloid-Beta Amyloid Beta Beta Amyloid Aβ Abeta |
A 39-43 amino acid peptide composed of 11-15 amino acids of the transmembrance domain of amyloid precursor protein (APP). | |
| Beta-Amyloid 40 | Amyloid-Beta 40 | ||
| Beta-Amyloid 42 | Amyloid-Beta 42 | ||
| Beta-alanine | b-alanine | ||
| Beta-endorphin | b-endorphin | ||
| Beta-melanocyte stimulating hormone | b-melanocyte stimulating hormone | ||
| Beta-phenylethylamine | b-phenylethylamine | ||
| Bradykinin | |||
| Bungarotoxin | A polypeptide neurotoxin that is obtained from krait venom and yields three electrophoretic fractions of which the one designated α is used especially to label acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junctions because it binds irreversibly to them and blocks their activity —often used with one of the Greek prefixes α-, β-, or γ- to indicate the electrophoretic fractions. (from Merriam-Webster online dictionary) | ||
| C Chemokine | |||
| C-C Chemokine | C-C motif chemokine | ||
| C5a des Arg74 | |||
| CCL1 | |||
| CCL11 | eotaxin | ||
| CCL13 | |||
| CCL14 | |||
| CCL15 | |||
| CCL16 | |||
| CCL17 | |||
| CCL19 | |||
| CCL2 | |||
| CCL20 | |||
| CCL21 | |||
| CCL22 | |||
| CCL23 | |||
| CCL24 | |||
| CCL25 | |||
| CCL26 | |||
| CCL27 | |||
| CCL28 | |||
| CCL3 | |||
| CCL4 | |||
| CCL5 | |||
| CCL7 | |||
| CCL8 | |||
| CNGA1 | CNG1 CNGa1 RCNC1 |
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| CNGA2 | OCNC1 CNGa3 CNG2 |
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| CNGA3 | CNGa2 CNG3 CCNC1 |
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| CNGA4 | OCNC2 CNG5 CNGB2 CNGa4 |
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| CNGB1 | CNG4 RCNC2 CNGb1 |
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| CNGB3 | CNG6 CCNC2 CNGb2 |
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| CX3C Chemokine | |||
| CX3CL1 | |||
| CXC Chemokine | |||
| CXCL1 | |||
| CXCL10 | |||
| CXCL11 | |||
| CXCL12 | |||
| CXCL13 | |||
| CXCL14 | |||
| CXCL15 | |||
| CXCL16 | |||
| CXCL2 | |||
| CXCL3 | |||
| CXCL5 | |||
| CXCL6 | |||
| CXCL7 | |||
| CXCL8 | |||
| CXCL9 | |||
| Calcitonin | |||
| Calcitonin-gene related peptide | |||
| Calcium calmodulin protein kinase II | |||
| Calcium channel - type 1 | |||
| Calcium channel - type 2 | |||
| Calcium channel - type 3 | cacna1h | ||
| Calcium-activated potassium channel | Kca channel | ||
| Calcium-activated potassium channel - type 1 | |||
| Calcium-activated potassium channel - type 2 | |||
| Calcium-activated potassium channel - type 3 | |||
| Calcium-activated potassium channel - type 4 | IK1; IKCa1; KCa4; Putative Gardos channel; SK4 Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4, should I put under | ||
| Calcium-activated potassium channel - type 5 | |||
| Carbohydrate | The largest class of organic compounds, including starches, glycogens, cellulose, gums, and simple sugars. Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of Cn(H2O)n (MSH). | ||
| Carbon monoxide | carbonic oxide | is produced naturally by the human body. This carbon monoxide may have a physiological role in the body, such as a neurotransmitter or a blood vessel relaxant. Because of carbon monoxide's role in the body, abnormalities in its metabolism have been linked to a variety of diseases, including neurodegenerations, hypertension, heart failure, and inflammation. (from Wikipedia) | |
| Carboxylic acid | |||
| CatSper1 | |||
| CatSper2 | |||
| CatSper3 | CACRC | ||
| CatSper4 | BN000273 | ||
| Catecholamine | |||
| Cationic cys-loop ligand-gated ion channel | |||
| Cav alpha2 | |||
| Cav alpha2.1 | |||
| Cav alpha2.2 | |||
| Cav beta | |||
| Cav beta1 | |||
| Cav beta2 | |||
| Cav beta3 | |||
| Cav beta4 | |||
| Cav delta | |||
| Cav delta1 | |||
| Cav delta2 | |||
| Cav gamma | |||
| Cav gamma1 | |||
| Cav gamma2 | |||
| Cav gamma3 | |||
| Cav gamma4 | |||
| Cav gamma5 | |||
| Cav gamma6 | |||
| Cav gamma7 | |||
| Cav gamma8 | |||
| Cav1.1 | a1S skeletal muscle L-type Ca channel skeletal muscle dihydropyridine receptor |
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| Cav1.2 | cardiac or smooth muscle dihydropyridine receptor a1C cardiac or smooth muscle L-type Ca channel |
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| Cav1.3 | 'neuroendocrine' L-type Ca channel a1D |
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| Cav1.4 | a1F | ||
| Cav2.1 | rBA-1 (rat) BI-1 Q-type P-type a1A BI-2 (rabbit) |
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| Cav2.2 | BIII (rabbit) a1B rbB-I N-type rbB-II (rat) |
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| Cav2.3 | BII-1 rbE-II (rat) R-type BII-2 (rabbit) a1E |
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| Cav3.1 | T-type a1G CavT.1 |
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| Cav3.2 | T-type a1I |
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| Chemokine | |||
| Cholecystokinin | |||
| Cholic | Bile acid | ||
| Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan | |||
| Chorionic gonadotropin | |||
| Chx10 | Chx10 Hox10 Hox-10 |
C. elegans ceh-10 homeo domain containing homolog | |
| Corticotropin releasing factor | CRF | ||
| Cortistatin | |||
| Cyclic-nucleotide gated channel | CNG channel | ||
| Cyclic-nucleotide gated channel - type A | |||
| Cyclic-nucleotide gated channel - type B | |||
| Cys-loop ligand-gated ion channel | |||
| Cytidine | |||
| Cytidine 5'-diphosphate | |||
| Cytidine 5'-monophosphate | |||
| Cytidine 5'-triphosphate | |||
| D Dopa | D-3-(3 4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine; 3 4-dihydroxy-D-phenylalanine; D-3 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine; (+)-3 4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine; D-dopa; (2R)-2-amino-3-(3 4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid; D DOPA; D-Dopa; D-DOPA; |
A dopa that has formula C9H11NO4. It is a enantiomer of L-dopa. (Adapted from CHEBI). | |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid | A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine) (MSH). | |
| DOPA | is a naturally-occurring dietary supplement and psychoactive drug found in certain kinds of food and herbs (e.g., Mucuna pruriens, or velvet bean), and is synthesized from the essential amino acid L-tyrosine (TYR) in the mammalian body and brain. (From Wikipedia) | ||
| Deoxycytidine | |||
| Deoxyguanosine | |||
| Dimeric dimer ion channel | |||
| Dimeric ion channel | |||
| Dynorphin | |||
| Dynorphin A | |||
| Eicosanoid lipid | |||
| Endorphin | |||
| Endothelin | |||
| Endothelin 1 | |||
| Endothelin 2 | |||
| Endothelin 3 | |||
| Enkephalin | encephalin | ||
| Estrogen | |||
| Fatty acid | long chain carboxylic acid | ||
| Follicle-stimulating hormone | |||
| GABA | Gamma-Aminobutyric acid | An amino fatty acid composed of butanoic acid with the amino substituent at C-4; the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CHEBI) | |
| GABA A-gated anionic channel | GABA A receptor GABAA GABAA R |
GABA-activated chloride channel (anionic) expressed throughout the vertebrate central nervous system, that is modified by many drugs including: GABA; Picrotoxin, convulsants and depressants; barbituates; steroids, volitile compounds and anesthetics; and benzodiazapines and ethanol. | |
| GABA C-gated anionic channel | GABA C receptor GABAC GABA(C) GABA-C |
An anionic channel, permeable to chloride, that is insensitive to bicuculline and baclofen, but sensitive to GABA and its analogs, including cis-4-aminocrotonic acid (CACA). | |
| GABA-gated anionic channel | GABA receptor | ||
| GABRA1 | GABA-A RECEPTOR; ALPHA-1 POLYPEPTIDE ; GABRA1; Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-precursor; Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-1 | taken from OMIM | |
| GABRA2 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-2; Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-2 precursor; Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-2; GABA-A RECEPTOR ALPHA-2 POLYPEPTIDE; GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID RECEPTOR ALPHA-2 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-2 |
taken from OMIM | |
| GABRA3 | GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID RECEPTOR ALPHA-3; GABA-A RECEPTOR ALPHA-3 POLYPEPTIDE; Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-3 precursor; Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-3 |
taken from OMIM | |
| GABRA4 | Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-4 precursor; Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-4; GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID RECEPTOR ALPHA-4; GABA-A RECEPTOR ALPHA-4 POLYPEPTIDE; |
taken from OMIM | |
| GABRA5 | Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-5 precursor; Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-5 GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID RECEPTOR ALPHA-5 GABA-A RECEPTOR ALPHA-5 POLYPEPTIDE |
taken from OMIM | |
| GABRA6 | Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-6 precursor; Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-6; GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID RECEPTOR ALPHA-6; GABA-A RECEPTOR ALPHA-6 POLYPEPTIDE |
taken from OMIM | |
| GABRB1 | GABA(A; Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit beta-precursor; Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit beta-1; GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID RECEPTOR BETA-1; GABA-A RECEPTOR BETA-1 POLYPEPTIDE |
taken from OMIM | |
| GABRB2 | GABA(A; Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit beta-2 precursor; Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit beta-2; GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID RECEPTOR BETA-2; GABA-A RECEPTOR BETA-2 POLYPEPTIDE; Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2 |
taken from OMIM | |
| GABRB3 | GABA(A; Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit beta-3 precursor; Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit beta-3; GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID RECEPTOR BETA-3; GABA-A RECEPTOR BETA-3 POLYPEPTIDE |
taken from OMIM | |
| Galanin | |||
| Gamma secretase | A protein complex containing presenilin, nicastrin, ACH-1, and PEN-2. Presenilin is believed to harbor the protease domain and represents an important example of an uncommon type of protease that cleaves targets within the cell membrane. | ||
| Gamma-melanocyte stimulating hormone | g-melanocyte stimulating hormone gamma-MSH |
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| Ganglioside | |||
| Gastric inhibitory polypeptide | |||
| Gastrin | |||
| Gastrin-releasing peptide | |||
| Gene | Genes | A region (or regions) that includes all of the sequence elements necessary to encode a functional transcript. A gene may include regulatory regions, transcribed regions and/or other functional sequence regions. | |
| Ghrelin | |||
| GluCl glutamate-gated chloride channel | GluCl glutamate receptor; Avermectin- sensitive glutamate-gated chloride channel subunit; Glu-Cl beta subunit; Glutamate-gated chloride channel subunit beta precursor; Glutamate-gated chloride channel subunit beta | ||
| GluR1 | |||
| GluR2 | gria2 dkfzp459f083 glur2 glur-2 glur-b glur-k2 mgc139795 glurb hbgr2 |
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| GluR3 | |||
| Glucocorticoid | A steroid hormone that regulates a variety of physiological processes, in particular control of the concentration of glucose in blood. | ||
| Glucose | |||
| Glutamate | Glut | The carboxylate anion of glutamic acid; and the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system of vertebrates, the peripheral nervous system of invertebrates. | |
| Glutamate-gated cationic channel | Glutamate receptor GluR |
Cell-surface proteins that bind glutamate and trigger changes which influence the behavior of cells. Glutamate receptors include ionotropic receptors (AMPA, kainate, and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors), which directly control ion channels, and metabotropic receptors which act through second messenger systems. Glutamate receptors are the most common mediators of fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. They have also been implicated in the mechanisms of memory and of many diseases (MSH). | |
| Glycine | 2-Aminoacetic acid Aminoacetic acid Aminoethanoic acid Gly Aciport Glicoamin Glycocoll Glycolixir Glycosthene Gyn-Hydralin Padil |
A non-essential amino acid. It is found primarily in gelatin and silk fibroin and used therapeutically as a nutrient. It is also a fast inhibitory neurotransmitter. (PubChem) Pharmacology: Helps trigger the release of oxygen to the energy requiring cell-making process; Important in the manufacturing of hormones responsible for a strong immune system. Mechanism of action: In the CNS, there exist strychnine-sensitive glycine binding sites as well as strychnine-insensitive glycine binding sites. The strychnine-insensitive glycine-binding site is located on the NMDA receptor complex. The strychnine-sensitive glycine receptor complex is comprised of a chloride channel and is a member of the ligand-gated ion channel superfamily. The putative antispastic activity of supplemental glycine could be mediated by glycine's binding to strychnine-sensitive binding sites in the spinal cord. This would result in increased chloride conductance and consequent enhancement of inhibitory neurotransmission. The ability of glycine to potentiate NMDA receptor-mediated neurotransmission raised the possibility of its use in the management of neuroleptic-resistant negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Animal studies indicate that supplemental glycine protects against endotoxin-induced lethality, hypoxia-reperfusion injury after liver transplantation, and D-galactosamine-mediated liver injury. Neutrophils are thought to participate in these pathologic processes via invasion of tissue and releasing such reactive oxygen species as superoxide. In vitro studies have shown that neutrophils contain a glycine-gated chloride channel that can attenuate increases in intracellular calcium and diminsh neutrophil oxidant production. This research is ealy-stage, but suggests that supplementary glycine may turn out to be useful in processes where neutrophil infiltration contributes to toxicity, such as ARDS. Drug type: Approved. Nutraceutical. Small Molecule. Drug category: Dietary supplement. Glycine Agents. Micronutrient. Non-Essential Amino Acids | taken from DrugBank |
| Glycine-gated chloride channel | Glycine receptor; GABA-gated chloride channel subunit | ||
| Glycogen | |||
| Glycoprotein | A compound in which a carbohydrate component is covalently bound to a protein component.(CHEBI) | ||
| Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone | gonadorelin; Gonadotropin-releasing hormone; Luteinizing-hormone releasing hormone; GnRH receptor; GnRH-R; Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor | ||
| Growth hormone-releasing hormone | |||
| Guanosine | |||
| Guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate | A nucleotide synthesized by the enzyme guanylyl cyclase. This nucleotide acts to modify proteins in two ways. By binding directly to proteins such as cGMP-sensitive cation channels in the retina, and by protein phosphorylation through the cGMP-dependent protein kinase. | ||
| Guanosine 5'-diphosphate | |||
| Guanosine 5'-monophosphate | |||
| Guanosine 5'-triphosphate | |||
| HCN1 | HAC2 BCNG1 |
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| HCN2 | BCNG2 HAC1 |
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| HCN3 | HAC3 BCNG4 |
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| HCN4 | BCNG3 HAC4 |
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| Histamine | is produced by basophils and mast cells (in connective tissues) and is involved in local immune responses and regulating physiological function in the gut and acting as a neurotransmitter. - adapted from Wikipedia | ||
| Histamine-gated chloride channel | |||
| Hyperpolarization and cyclic-nucleotide gated channel | HCN channel | ||
| Insulin-like peptide | |||
| Insulin-like peptide 5 | |||
| Inwardly rectifying potassium channel | Kir channel | ||
| Inwardly rectifying potassium channel - type 1 | |||
| Inwardly rectifying potassium channel - type 2 | |||
| Inwardly rectifying potassium channel - type 3 | |||
| Inwardly rectifying potassium channel - type 4 | |||
| Inwardly rectifying potassium channel - type 5 | |||
| Inwardly rectifying potassium channel - type 6 | |||
| Inwardly rectifying potassium channel - type 7 | |||
| K2p1.1 | TWIK-1 hONO KCNK1 |
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| K2p10.1 | TREK-2 KCNK10 |
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| K2p12.1 | THIK-2 KCNK12 |
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| K2p13.1 | KCNK13 THIK-1 |
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| K2p15.1 | TASK-5 KCNK15 KT3.3 |
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| K2p16.1 | TALK-1 KCNK16 |
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| K2p17.1 | KCNK17 TALK-2 TASK-4 |
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| K2p18.1 | TRIK | ||
| K2p2.1 | KCNK2 TPKC1 TREK-1 |
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| K2p3.1 | TASK-1 KCNK3 TBAK-1 OAT-1 |
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| K2p4.1 | KCNK4 TRAAK |
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| K2p5.1 | TASK-2 KCNK5 |
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| K2p6.1 | TWIK-2 KCNK6 TOSS |
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| K2p7.1 | KCNK7 kcnk8 |
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| K2p9.1 | KCNK9 TASK-3 |
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| KCa beta | |||
| KCa beta1 | |||
| KCa beta2 | |||
| KCa beta3 | |||
| KCa beta4 | |||
| Kainate glutamate-gated cationic channel | Kainate receptor | Cell-surface proteins that bind glutamate and trigger changes which influence the behavior of cells. Kainate receptors directly control ion channels and have also been implicated in the mechanisms of disease (MSH). There are five types of kainate receptor subunits, GluR5 (GRIK1), GluR6 (GRIK2), GluR7 (GRIK3), KA1 (GRIK4) and KA2 (GRIK5), which are similar to AMPA and NMDA receptor subunits and can be arranged in different ways to form a tetramer, a four subunit receptor. GluR5-7 can form homomers (ex. a receptor composed entirely of GluR5) and heteromers (ex. a receptor composed of both GluR5 and GluR6), however, KA1 and KA2 can only form functional receptors by combining with one of the GluR5-7 subunits. Each KAR subunit begins with an extracellular N-terminal segment, which forms part of the neurotransmitter binding cleft called S1. This segment then passes through the cell membrane, forming the first of three membrane spanning regions called M1. The M2 segment then begins on the cytoplasmic face of the membrane, pushes into the cell membrane about half way, and then dips back out to the cytoplasm. This segment has been termed the "p loop", and as is the case of closely related AMPA receptors, determines the calcium permeability of the receptor. M2 turns into M3, another transmembrane spanning segment which emerges on the extracellular face to complete the neurotransmitter binding site (a portion called S2). M4 begins extracellularly, and passes again through the membrane into the cytoplasm, forming the C-terminal of the protein. |
|
| Kca1.1 | KCNMA1; Slo; maxi K+ channel; BK channel;BKCA alpha; Calcium-activated potassium channel subfamily M subunit alpha 1; K(VCA)alpha; KCa1.1; Maxi K channel; MaxiK; Slo homolog; Slo-alpha; Slo1; Slowpoke homolog; hSlo; Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha 1 |
The large-conductance voltage- and Ca(2+)-activated K+ channel, also called the BK channel, differs from other K+ channels in that it can be activated by both intracellular Ca(2+) ions and by membrane depolarization. The BK channel consists of 4 alpha subunits and 4 optional auxiliary beta subunits. The pore-forming alpha subunit is encoded by the KCNMA1 gene, which produces multiple isoforms through alternative splicing. The 4 beta subunits are encoded by different genes that show tissue-specific expression | |
| Kca2.1 | KCNN1 SKCa1 SK1 |
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| Kca2.2 | SKCa2 KCNN2 SK2 |
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| Kca2.3 | KCNN3 SK3 hKCa3 SKCa3 |
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| Kca3.1 | KCNN4 SK4 IK1 Gardos channel IKCa1 KCa4 |
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| Kca4.1 | mSlo2 Slack |
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| Kca4.2 | |||
| Kca5.1 | Slo3 KCNMC1 |
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| KiSS-1 gene product | |||
| Kir1.1 | ROMK1; ATP-regulated potassium channel ROM-K; Kir1.1; Potassium channel inwardly rectifying subfamily J member 1; ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 1 |
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| Kir2.1 | IRK1 | ||
| Kir2.2 | IRK2; IRK2; Inward rectifier K(+) channel Kir2.2v; Kir2.2v; Potassium channel inwardly rectifying subfamily J member 12; ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 12 |
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| Kir2.3 | hIRK2 IRK3 HIR HRK1 |
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| Kir2.4 | IRK4 | ||
| Kir3.1 | KGA GIRK1; GIRK1; Inward rectifier K(+) channel Kir3.1; Potassium channel inwardly rectifying subfamily J member 3; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1 |
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| Kir3.2 | GIRK2; BIR1; GIRK2; Inward rectifier K(+) channel Kir3.2; KATP-2; Potassium channel inwardly rectifying subfamily J member 6; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 2 |
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| Kir3.3 | GIRK3 | ||
| Kir3.4 | GIRK4 | ||
| Kir4.1 | BIR10 KAB-2 Kir1.2 |
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| Kir4.2 | Kir1.3 ROMK3 |
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| Kir5.1 | |||
| Kir6.1 | uKATP-1; Inwardly rectifier K(+) channel Kir6.1; Potassium channel inwardly rectifying subfamily J member 8; uKATP-1; ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 8 |
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| Kir6.2 | BIR; IKATP; Inward rectifier K(+) channel Kir6.2; Potassium channel inwardly rectifying subfamily J member 11; ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11 |
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| Kir7.1 | |||
| Kv beta | |||
| Kv beta1 | |||
| Kv beta2 | |||
| Kv beta3 | |||
| Kv1.1 | MBK1 MK1 HBK1 RBK1 RCK1 HuK(I) |
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| Kv1.2 | HuK(IV) NGK1 RAK MK2 HBK5 RCK5 BGK5 XSha2 BK2 |
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| Kv1.3 | MBK3 MK3 hPCN3 HGK5 RGK5 RCK3 HLK3 HuK(III) KV3 |
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| Kv1.4 | HK1 HuK(II) RCK4 RHK1 hPCN2 RK8 MK4 RK4 |
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| Kv1.5 | HK2 RMK2 HuK(II) HCK1 hPCN1 fHK KV1 RK3 |
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| Kv1.6 | KCNA6 KV2 HBK2 RCK2 MK1.6 |
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| Kv1.7 | KCNA7 | ||
| Kv1.8 | KCNA10 Kv1.10 Kcn1 |
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| Kv10.1 | ether-a-go-go KCNH1b eag1a KCNH1a eag1b |
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| Kv10.2 | eag2 KCNH5 |
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| Kv11.1 | KCNH2 HERG erg1 Hergb human ether-a-go-go-related gene |
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| Kv11.2 | erg2 | ||
| Kv11.3 | erg3 | ||
| Kv12.1 | elk1 elk3 |
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| Kv12.2 | BEC1 KCNH3 Elk2 |
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| Kv12.3 | elk1 BEC2 KCNH4 |
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| Kv2.1 | DRK1 hDRK1 |
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| Kv2.2 | CDRK KCNB2 |
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| Kv3.1 | NGK2 Kv3.1 type I channel in T cells KV4 Raw2 |
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| Kv3.2 | rKv3.2b rKv3.2c Kv3.2a RKShIIIA Raw1 |
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| Kv3.3 | Kv3.3b hKv3.3 mKv3.3 RKShIIID |
||
| Kv3.4 | HKShIIIC mKv3.4 Raw3 |
||
| Kv4.1 | mShal | ||
| Kv4.2 | RK5 Shal1 |
||
| Kv4.3 | |||
| Kv5.1 | IK8 KH1 KCNF1 |
||
| Kv6.1 | K13 KH2 |
||
| Kv6.2 | KCNG2 | ||
| Kv6.3 | KCNG3 Kv10.1 |
||
| Kv6.4 | |||
| Kv7.1 | KVLQT1 slow delayed rectifier |
||
| Kv7.2 | KQT2 KCNQ2 |
||
| Kv7.3 | KCNQ3 | ||
| Kv7.4 | KCNQ4 | ||
| Kv7.5 | KCNQ5 | ||
| Kv8.1 | Kv2.3 HNKA |
||
| Kv8.2 | |||
| Kv9.1 | |||
| Kv9.2 | |||
| Kv9.3 | |||
| Laminin complex | Laminin | A large, extracellular glycoprotein complex composed of three different polypeptide chains, alpha, beta and gamma. Provides an integral part of the structural scaffolding of basement membranes. | |
| Lectin | |||
| Leu enkephalin | leucine enkephalin | One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from MET-ENKEPHALIN in the LEUCINE at position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN (MeSH) | |
| Leukotriene | |||
| Leukotriene B4 | |||
| Leukotriene C4 | |||
| Leukotriene D4 | |||
| Levodopa | 3 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine DOPA L-DOPA L-Dopa L-Dihydroxyphenylalanine Bendopa Brocadopa Cidandopa Deadopa Dopaflex Dopaidan Dopal Dopal-Fher Dopalina Dopar Doparkine Doparl Dopasol Dopaston Dopastral Doprin Eldopal Eldopar Eldopatec Eurodopa Helfo-Dopa Insulamina Laradopa Larodopa Ledopa Levedopa Levopa Maipedopa Parda Pardopa Prodopa Syndopa Veldopa Weldopa; beta-(3 4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine; (2S)-2-amino-3-(3 4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid; (-)-dopa; (-)-3-(3 4-dihydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine; levodopum; Dopar; L-DOPA; beta-(3 4-dihydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine; L-Dopa; 3 4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine; 3-Hydroxy-L-tyrosine; L-beta-(3 4-Dihydroxyphenyl)alanine; Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine; 3 4-DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE; C9H11NO4; |
An amino acid precursor of dopamine with antiparkinsonian properties. L-DOPA is a prodrug that is converted to dopamine by DOPA decarboxylase and can cross the blood-brain barrier. When in the brain, L-DOPA is decarboxylated to dopamine and stimulates the dopaminergic receptors. (Adapted from NCI Thesaurus) Levodopa is naturally occurring form of dihydroxyphenylalanine and the immediate precursor of dopamine. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to dopamine. It is used for the treatment of parkinsonian disorders and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system. (PubChem) Pharmacology: Levodopa (L-dopa) is used to replace dopamine lost in Parkinson's disease because dopamine itself cannot cross the blood-brain barrier where its precursor can. However, L-DOPA is converted to dopamine in the periphery as well as in the CNS, so it is administered with a peripheral DDC (dopamine decarboxylase) inhibitor such as carbidopa, without which 90% is metabolised in the gut wall, and with a COMT inhibitor if possible; this prevents about a 5% loss. The form given therapeutically is therefore a prodrug which avoids decarboxylation in the stomach and periphery, can cross the blood-brain barrier, and once in the brain is converted to the neurotransmitter dopamine by the enzyme aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase. Mechanism of action: Striatal dopamine levels in symptomatic Parkinson's disease are decreased by 60 to 80%, striatal dopaminergic neurotransmission may be enhanced by exogenous supplementation of dopamine through administration of dopamine's precursor, levodopa. A small percentage of each levodopa dose crosses the blood-brain barrier and is decarboxylated to dopamine. This newly formed dopamine then is available to stimulate dopaminergic receptors, thus compensating for the depleted supply of endogenous dopamine. Drug type: Approved. Small Molecule. Drug category: Antidyskinetics. Antiparkinson Agents. Dopamine Agents | taken from DrugBank |
| Lipid | A substances of biological origin that is soluble in nonpolar solvents, consisting of saponifiable lipids, such as glycerides (fats and oils) and phospholipids, as well as nonsaponifiable lipids, principally steroids (adapted from CHEBI). | ||
| Lipopolysaccharide | Natural compound consisting of a trisaccharide repeating unit (two heptose units and octulosonic acid) with oligosaccharide side chains and 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid units (they are a major constituent of the cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria). | ||
| Lipoprotein | A clathrate complex consisting of a lipid enwrapped in a protein host without covalent binding in such a way that the complex has a hydrophilic outer surface consisting of all the protein and the polar ends of any phospholipids. | ||
| Lipoxin | |||
| Lipoxin A | |||
| Lipoxin A4 | |||
| Lipoxin B | |||
| Lipoxin B4 | |||
| Luteinizing hormone | |||
| Lysophosphatidic acid | |||
| Lysophospholipid | |||
| MRNA | RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm (MSH). | ||
| Macromolecular complex | |||
| Macromolecule | |||
| Macrophage derived lectin | |||
| Melanin-concentrating hormone | |||
| Melanocyte stimulating hormone | |||
| Met enkephalin | methionine enkephalin | One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from LEU-ENKEPHALIN by the amino acid METHIONINE in position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN (MeSH) | |
| MinK-like | |||
| MinK-like 1 | |||
| MinK-like 2 | |||
| MinK-like 3 | |||
| MinK-like 4 | |||
| MinK-like 5 | |||
| Mitochondrial DNA | Double-stranded DNA of MITOCHONDRIA. In eukaryotes, the mitochondrial genome is circular and codes for ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, and about 10 proteins (MSH). | ||
| Monoamines | |||
| Monomeric Voltage-gated ion channel | |||
| Monomeric ion channel | |||
| Motilin | |||
| Multimeric Voltage-gated ion channel | Voltage-gated ion channel | ||
| Multimeric ion channel | |||
| N-formyl-L-Met-L-Leu-L-Phe | |||
| NG2 | |||
| NMDA-type glutamate-gated cationic channel | NMDA receptor NMDA NMDAR |
Tetrameric receptor, consisting of two glycine binding NR1 subunits and two glutamate binding NR2 subunits. The glycine-binding NR3 subunits can also assemble with NR2 subunits. NR1 and NR3 subunits assemble only in xenopus oocytes to form a glycine gated receptor.
NMDA receptors bind glutamate, aspartate, NMDA, NMDA receptors' conductance is modified by glycine, Magnesium, Zinc and 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (APV) Laube et al., suggest that the recombinant NMDA receptor is a tetramer (PMID: 9526012, also see PMID: 18779583). |
|
| Nav beta | |||
| Nav beta1 | |||
| Nav beta2 | |||
| Nav beta3 | |||
| Nav beta4 | |||
| Nav1.1 | brain type I; rat I; R-I; Sodium channel protein type I subunit alpha; Sodium channel protein brain I subunit alpha; Voltage-gated sodium channel subunit alpha Nav1.1; Sodium channel protein type subunit alpha |
||
| Nav1.2 | R-II; brain type II; rat II; HBSC II; Sodium channel protein type II subunit alpha; Sodium channel protein brain II subunit alpha; Voltage-gated sodium channel subunit alpha Nav1.2; Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha |
||
| Nav1.3 | rat 3; brain type 3; R-III; Sodium channel protein type III subunit alpha; Sodium channel protein brain III subunit alpha; Voltage- gated sodium channel subtype III; Voltage-gated sodium channel subunit alpha Nav1.3; Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha |
||
| Nav1.4 | SkM1; m1; SkM1; Sodium channel protein type IV subunit alpha; Sodium channel protein skeletal muscle subunit alpha; Voltage-gated sodium channel subunit alpha Nav1.4; Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha |
||
| Nav1.5 | skm II; hI; cardiac sodium channel; HH1; Sodium channel protein type V subunit alpha; Sodium channel protein cardiac muscle alpha-subunit; Voltage-gated sodium channel subunit alpha Nav1.5; Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha |
||
| Nav1.6 | NaCh6; PN4; CerIII; Sodium channel protein type VIII subunit alpha; Voltage-gated sodium channel subunit alpha Nav1.6; Sodium channel protein type 8 subunit alpha | ||
| Nav1.7 | Nas; hNE-Na; PN1; Neuroendocrine sodium channel; Peripheral sodium channel 1; Sodium channel protein type IX subunit alpha; Voltage-gated sodium channel subunit alpha Nav1.7; hNE-Na Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha | ||
| Nav1.8 | SNS; PN3; Peripheral nerve sodium channel 3; Sodium channel protein type X subunit alpha; Voltage-gated sodium channel subunit alpha Nav1.8; hPN3; Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha | ||
| Nav1.9 | NaN; SNS-2; Peripheral nerve sodium channel 5; Sensory neuron sodium channel 2; Sodium channel protein type XI subunit alpha; Voltage-gated sodium channel subunit alpha Nav1.9; hNaN; Sodium channel protein type 1subunit alpha | ||
| Nax | NaG Atypical sodium channel |
||
| Nesfatin 1 | An 82 amino acid peptide that suppresses food intake after intracerebroventricular injection (MeSH) | ||
| Neurofilament 150kD mRNA | Neurofilament Medium mRNA NF-M mRNA |
||
| Neurofilament 200kD mRNA | Neurofilament Heavy mRNA NF-H mRNA |
||
| Neurofilament 68kD mRNA | Neurofilament Light mRNA NF-L mRNA |
||
| Neurokinin | |||
| Neurokinin A | |||
| Neurokinin B | |||
| Neuromedin B | |||
| Neuromedin U | |||
| Neuropeptide B | |||
| Neuropeptide FF | |||
| Neuropeptide S | |||
| Neuropeptide W | |||
| Neuropeptide Y | |||
| Neuropeptide head activator | |||
| Neurotensin | |||
| Nicotinic acid | pyridine-3-carboxylic acid | ||
| Nociceptin | orphanin FQ | ||
| Nuclear DNA | |||
| Nucleic Acid | High molecular weight polymers containing a mixture of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides chained together by ribose or deoxyribose linkages (MSH). | ||
| Nucleoside | |||
| Nucleotide | |||
| Obestatin | |||
| Oleoylethanolamide | |||
| Opioid peptide | |||
| Orexin | hypocretin | A protein that is a translation product of the HCRT gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. (PRO:000008476) | |
| Orexin A | hypocretin 1 | ||
| Orexin B | hypocretin 2 | ||
| Oxytocin | Pitocin Syntocinon Oxytocin (BAM Biotech) Pitocin (Parke-Davis) Syntocinon (Sandoz) |
Synthetic 9 residue cyclic peptide. The hormone is prepared synthetically to avoid possible contamination with vasopressin (ADH) and other small polypeptides with biologic activity. Pharmacology: Used to induce labor or to enhance uterine contractions during labor. Uterine motility depends on the formation of the contractile protein actomyosin under the influence of the Ca2+-dependent phosphorylating enzyme myosin light-chain kinase. Oxytocin promotes contractions by increasing the intracellular Ca2+, which in turn activates myosins light chain kinase.. Oxytocin has specific receptors in the muscle llining of the uterus and the receptor concentration increases greatly during pregnancy, reaching a maximum in early labor at term. Mechanism of action: Binds the oxytocin receptor which leads to an increase in intracellular calcium levels. Drug type: Approved. Biotech. Drug category: Anti-tocolytic Agents. Labor Induction Agents. Oxytocics | taken from DrugBank |
| P2x1 | |||
| P2x2 | |||
| P2x3 | |||
| P2x4 | |||
| P2x5 | |||
| P2x6 | |||
| P2x7 | |||
| Pancreatic polypeptide | |||
| Parathyroid hormone | |||
| Pentameric ion channel | |||
| Peptide | A short polymers of amino acids. Although somewhat arbitrary, peptides are generally less than 50 amino acids in length. | ||
| Phalloidin | Phalloidin is a peptide derived from the Death Cap mushroom that acts as a toxin by binding actin, inhibiting its depolymerization. Phalloidin binds specifically F-actin and is therefore a very convenient tool to investigate the distribution of F-actin since fluorescent analogs can be synthesized that retain actin binding. (Wikipedia) | ||
| Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin | A plant lectin used extensively as an anterograde tracer in central nervous system tract tracting studies | ||
| Phospholipid | |||
| Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase activating polypeptide | |||
| Platelet-activating factor | |||
| Prokineticin | |||
| Prokineticin 1 | |||
| Prokineticin 2 | |||
| Prolactin-releasing peptide | |||
| Prostacyclin | |||
| Prostaglandin D2 | |||
| Prostaglandin E2 | |||
| Prostaglandin F2a | |||
| Prostaglandin lipid | |||
| Prostanoid lipid | |||
| Proteasome | A large multisubunit complex which catalyzes protein degradation. This complex consists of the barrel shaped proteasome core complex and one or two associated proteins or complexes that act in regulating entry into or exit from the core. | ||
| Protein complex | |||
| Proteoglycan | |||
| Purine Nucleoside | |||
| Purine Nucleotide | |||
| Pyrimidine Nucleoside | |||
| Pyrimidine Nucleotide | |||
| RF-amide P518 gene product | |||
| RNA | A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed) (MSH) | ||
| Relaxin | |||
| Relaxin 3 | Relaxin-3 | ||
| Resolvin E1 | |||
| Retinoic acid receptor responder | |||
| Retinoic acid receptor responder (tazarotene induced) 2 | |||
| Ribosomal RNA | The most abundant form of RNA. Together with proteins, it forms the ribosomes, playing a structural role and also a role in ribosomal binding of mRNA and tRNAs. Individual chains are conventionally designated by their sedimentation coefficients. In eukaryotes, four large chains exist, synthesized in the nucleolus and constituting about 50% of the ribosome. (Dorland, 28th ed) (MSH) | ||
| SLO-2 | SLO-2 is a member of a multigene family of high-conductance K+ channels1,2. These channels are activated by voltage but differ from the purely voltage-gated K+ channels because their voltage range of activation is modulated by different intracellular fac- tors3. SLO-1 channels are sensitive to Ca2+ (refs. 4–7), and mouse SLO-3 (mSLO-3) channels to pH8. We now report that C. elegans SLO-2 channels are sensitive to Cl– as well as Ca2+. | ||
| SMN2 | |||
| Serine protease | |||
| Serotonin | 5-hydroxytryptamine 5-HT; 5HT transporter; 5HTT; Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter |
A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-tryptophan. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (receptors, serotonin) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator (MSH). | |
| Serotonin-gated anionic channel | 5-HT mod-1 receptor Serotonin receptor mod-1 |
||
| Serotonin-gated channel (5-HT3) | Serotonin 5-HT3 receptor; 5-HT-3; 5-HT3R; 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor precursor; Serotonin-gated ion channel receptor 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor |
||
| Sodium channel - type 1 | |||
| Somatostatin | |||
| Somatostatin (nifext 5116) | |||
| Sphingolipid | |||
| Sphingosine | |||
| Sphingosine 1-phosphate | |||
| Steroid | |||
| Substance P | |||
| Succinate | |||
| Survival motor neuron protein complex | SMN protein complex | A protein complex that contains the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein and at least eight additional integral components, including the Gemin2-8 and Unrip proteins; the complex is found in the cytoplasm and in nuclear Gems, and is involved in spliceosomal snRNP assembly in the cytoplasm and in pre-mRNA splicing in the nucleus. | |
| TPC1 | two-pore channel-1 | ||
| TPC2 | two-pore channel-2 | ||
| TRPC1 | TRP1 | ||
| TRPC2 | |||
| TRPC3 | mTRPC3 | ||
| TRPC4 | bCCE CCE1 TRP4 |
||
| TRPC5 | TRP5 CCE2 |
||
| TRPC6 | |||
| TRPC7 | TRP7 | ||
| TRPM1 | |||
| TRPM2 | LTRPC2 TRPC7 |
||
| TRPM3 | LTRPC3 MLSN2 |
||
| TRPM4 | |||
| TRPM5 | MTR1 LTRPC5 |
||
| TRPM6 | ChaK2 | ||
| TRPM7 | LTRPC7 TRP-PLIK ChaK(1) |
||
| TRPM8 | CMR1 Trp-p8 |
||
| TRPML1 | mucolipin 1 | ||
| TRPML2 | mucolipin 2 | ||
| TRPML3 | mucolipin 3 | ||
| TRPP1 | polycystic kidney disease 2 polycystin-2 |
||
| TRPP2 | polycystic kidney disease 2-like 1 | ||
| TRPP3 | polycystic kidney disease 2-like 2 | ||
| TRPV1 | OTRPC1; VR1; Capsaicin receptor; OTRPC1; TrpV1; Vanilloid receptor 1; osm-9-like TRP channel 1; Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 | ||
| TRPV2 | GRC VRL-1 OTRPC2 |
||
| TRPV3 | TrpV3; VRL-3; Vanilloid receptor-like 3; Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 3 | ||
| TRPV4 | OTRPC4 VR-OAC |
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| TRPV5 | ECaC1 CaT2 |
||
| TRPV6 | CaT1 ECaC2 |
||
| Tazarotene-induced Gene 2 | |||
| Tetrameric Voltage-gated ion channel | |||
| Tetrameric ion channel | |||
| Thrombin | |||
| Thromboxane | |||
| Thromboxane A2 | |||
| Thymidine | |||
| Thyroid-stimulating hormone | |||
| Thyrotropin-releasing hormone | |||
| Transient receptor potential channel | TRP channel | ||
| Transient receptor potential channel - type C | |||
| Transient receptor potential channel - type M | |||
| Transient receptor potential channel - type V | |||
| Transient receptor potential related channel | |||
| Transient receptor potential related channel - PKD type | |||
| Transient receptor potential related channel - mucolipin type | |||
| Transient receptor potential related channel - sperm-specific Ca+2-selective type | |||
| Transient receptor potential related channel - two-pore type | |||
| Trimeric ion channel | |||
| Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues | |||
| Two pore potassium channel | K2p channel | ||
| Two pore potassium channel - type 1 | |||
| Two pore potassium channel - type 10 | |||
| Two pore potassium channel - type 12 | |||
| Two pore potassium channel - type 13 | |||
| Two pore potassium channel - type 15 | |||
| Two pore potassium channel - type 16 | |||
| Two pore potassium channel - type 17 | |||
| Two pore potassium channel - type 18 | |||
| Two pore potassium channel - type 2 | |||
| Two pore potassium channel - type 3 | |||
| Two pore potassium channel - type 4 | |||
| Two pore potassium channel - type 5 | |||
| Two pore potassium channel - type 6 | |||
| Two pore potassium channel - type 7 | |||
| Two pore potassium channel - type 9 | |||
| Tyramine | |||
| Uridine | |||
| Uridine 5'-O-(3-thio)-triphosphate | |||
| Uridine 5'-diphosphate | |||
| Uridine 5'-diphosphate-glucose | |||
| Uridine 5'-monophosphate | |||
| Uridine 5'-triphosphate | |||
| Urocortin | |||
| Urotensin II | |||
| VGCNL1 | voltage-gated channel like 1 | ||
| Vasoactive intestinal peptide | Vasoactive intestinal peptide is a peptide hormone containing 28 amino acid residues | ||
| Vasopressin | 3-Isoleucyl vasopressin Arginine oxytocin Arginine vasotocin Argiprestocin Pitressin tannate Vasopressin isoleucyl non-mammalian Vasotocin Pitressin Pressyn |
Antidiuretic hormone, also known as vasopressin, is a nine amino acid peptide secreted from the posterior pituitary. Antidiuretic hormone binds to receptors in the distal or collecting tubules of the kidney and promotes reabsorbtion of water back into the circulation Pharmacology: Vasopressin is an antidiuretic hormone indicated for the prevention and treatment of postoperative abdominal distention, in abdominal roentgenography to dispel interfering gas shadows, and in diabetes insipidus. Vasopressin can cause contraction of smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract and of all parts of the vascular bed, especially the capillaries, small arterioles and venules. It has less effect on the smooth musculature of the large veins. Vasopressin may also be used to control bleeding in some forms of von Willebrand disease and to treat extreme cases of bed wetting in children. It may also play a role in memory formation although the mechanism is unknown. Mechanism of action: Vasopressin acts on three different receptors, vasopressin receptor V1a (which initiates vasoconstriction, liver gluconeogenesis, platelet aggregation and release of factor VIII), vasopressin receptor V1b (which mediates corticotrophin secretion from the pituitary) and vasopressin receptor V2 which controls free water reabsorption in the renal medullar. The binding of vasopressin to the V2 receptor activates adenylate cyclase which causes the release of aquaporin 2 channels into the cells lining the renal medullar duct. This allows water to be reabsorbed down an osmotic gradient so the urine is more concentrated. Drug type: Approved. Biotech. Drug category: Antidiuretics. Oxytocics. Vasoconstrictor Agents | taken from DrugBank |
| Voltage-gated calcium channel | calcium channel Cav channel Ca+2 channel Ca++ channel |
||
| Voltage-gated potassium channel | K+ channel IK I K Ik Potassium channel |
Activated by strong depolarization; delayed rectifier Repolarization of action potential | |
| Voltage-gated potassium channel - type 1 | |||
| Voltage-gated potassium channel - type 10 | |||
| Voltage-gated potassium channel - type 11 | |||
| Voltage-gated potassium channel - type 12 | |||
| Voltage-gated potassium channel - type 2 | |||
| Voltage-gated potassium channel - type 3 | |||
| Voltage-gated potassium channel - type 4 | |||
| Voltage-gated potassium channel - type 5 | |||
| Voltage-gated potassium channel - type 6 | |||
| Voltage-gated potassium channel - type 7 | |||
| Voltage-gated potassium channel - type 8 | |||
| Voltage-gated potassium channel - type 9 | |||
| Voltage-gated sodium channel | Na+ channel sodium channel Nav channel |
||
| Wheat germ agglutinin | A lectin that protects wheat (Triticum vulgaris) from insects, yeast and bacteria. An agglutinin protein, it binds to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and Sialic acid. N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in the natural environment of wheat is found in the chitin of insects, and the cell membrane of yeast & bacteria. WGA is found abundantly—but not exclusively—in the wheat kernel, where it got the 'germ' name from (adapted from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheat-germ_agglutinin). | ||
| Wnt peptide | |||
| Wnt1 peptide | |||
| Wnt2 peptide | |||
| Wnt3 peptide | |||
| Wnt3a peptide | |||
| XCL1 | |||
| XCL2 |
