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| Synonym | Definition | Comment | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 | |||
| 2-Chloro-Adenosine 5'-diphosphate | |||
| 2-methylthio adenosine 5'-diphosphate | |||
| 2-methylthio adenosine 5'-triphosphate | |||
| 5-HT Receptor | Serotonin Receptor 5 Hydroxytryptamine Receptors 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptors Tryptamine Receptors 5-HT Receptors 5 HT Receptors Hydroxytryptamine receptors 05 HT 05 Receptors 5 Hydroxytryptamine Recept Recept 5 HT Tryptamine Recept Recept 5 Hydroxytryptamine Recept tryptamine |
Cell-surface proteins that bind serotonin and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behavior of cells. Several types of serotonin receptors have been recognized which differ in their pharmacology, molecular biology, and mode of action. | |
| 5-HT1A receptor | 1A receptor | A serotonin receptor subtype found distributed through the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM where they are involved in neuroendocrine regulation of ACTH secretion. The fact that this serotonin receptor subtype is particularly sensitive to SEROTONIN AGONISTS such as BUSPIRONE suggests its role in the modulation of ANXIETY and DEPRESSION. | |
| 5-HT1A receptor (nifext 5891) | |||
| 5-HT1A receptor (nifext 5894) | |||
| 5-HT1A receptor (nifext 5897) | |||
| 5-HT1B receptor | 5-HT1B;5- HT1B; 5-HT-1B; 5-HT-1D-beta; S12; Serotonin 1D beta receptor; Serotonin receptor 1B; 5-hydroxytryptamine 1B receptor
1B Receptor |
A serotonin receptor subtype found at high levels in the BASAL GANGLIA and the frontal cortex. It plays a role as a terminal autoreceptor that regulates the rate of SEROTONIN release from nerve endings. This serotonin receptor subtype is closely related to and has similar drug binding properties as the 5-HT1D RECEPTOR. It is particularly sensitive to the agonist SUMATRIPAN and may be involved in mediating the drug's antimigraine effect. | |
| 5-HT1B receptor (nifext 6387) | |||
| 5-HT1B receptor (nifext 6390) | |||
| 5-HT1B receptor (nifext 6393) | |||
| 5-HT1D receptor | 5 HT1D Receptor; 5 HT1DALPHA RECEPT; 5 Hydroxytryptamine1D Receptor; 5-HT1D Receptor; 5-HT1Dalpha Receptor; 5-Hydroxytryptamine1D Receptor; Receptor 5-HT1D; Receptor 5-Hydroxytryptamine1D; Receptor Serotonin 1D; Receptor Serotonin 1Dalpha; Receptors Serotonin 1D; Serotonin 01 D receptor; Serotonin 1D Alpha Receptor; Serotonin 1D Receptor; Serotonin 1D Receptors; Serotonin 1Dalpha Receptor |
A serotonin receptor subtype that is localized to the caudate nucleus; putamen; the nucleus accumbens; the hippocampus, and the raphe nuclei. It plays a role as a terminal autoreceptor that regulates the rate of serotonin release from nerve endings. This serotonin receptor subtype is closely related to and has similar drug binding properties as the 5-HT1B receptor, but is expressed at low levels. It is particularly sensitive to the agonist sumatripan and may be involved in mediating the drug's antimigrane effect. | |
| 5-HT1D receptor (nifext 6165) | |||
| 5-HT1D receptor (nifext 6168) | |||
| 5-HT1D receptor (nifext 6171) | |||
| 5-HT1E receptor | 5-HT1E; 5- HT1E; 5-HT-1E; S31; Serotonin receptor 1E; 5-hydroxytryptamine 1E receptor | ||
| 5-HT1E receptor (nifext 5268) | |||
| 5-HT1F receptor | 5-HT1F; 5-HT-1F; Serotonin receptor 1F; 5-hydroxytryptamine 1F receptor | ||
| 5-HT1F receptor (nifext 6355) | |||
| 5-HT1F receptor (nifext 6358) | |||
| 5-HT1F receptor (nifext 6362) | |||
| 5-HT2A receptor | 5-HT2A; 5- HT-2; 5-HT-2A; Serotonin receptor 2A; 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor | ||
| 5-HT2A receptor (nifext 6742) | |||
| 5-HT2A receptor (nifext 6745) | |||
| 5-HT2A receptor (nifext 6748) | |||
| 5-HT2B receptor | 5-HT2B;5-HT-2B; Serotonin receptor 2B; 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B receptor | ||
| 5-HT2B receptor (nifext 6983) | |||
| 5-HT2B receptor (nifext 6986) | |||
| 5-HT2B receptor (nifext 6989) | |||
| 5-HT2C receptor | 5-HT2C;5- HT2C; 5-HT-2C; 5-HTR2C; 5HT-1C; Serotonin receptor 2C; 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor | ||
| 5-HT2C receptor (nifext 7415) | |||
| 5-HT2C receptor (nifext 7418) | |||
| 5-HT2C receptor (nifext 7421) | |||
| 5-HT4 receptor | 5-HT4; 5- HT4; 5-HT-4; Serotonin receptor 4; 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 receptor | ||
| 5-HT4 receptor (nifext 6152) | |||
| 5-HT4 receptor (nifext 6158) | |||
| 5-HT4 receptor (nifext 6161) | |||
| 5-HT5A receptor | 5-HT5A | ||
| 5-HT5A receptor (nifext 6121) | |||
| 5-HT5A receptor (nifext 6124) | |||
| 5-HT5A receptor (nifext 6127) | |||
| 5-HT6 receptor | 5-HT6; 5-HT-6; Serotonin receptor 6; 5-hydroxytryptamine 6 receptor | ||
| 5-HT6 receptor (nifext 7154) | |||
| 5-HT6 receptor (nifext 7157) | |||
| 5-HT6 receptor (nifext 7160) | |||
| 5-HT7 receptor | 5-HT7; 5-HT- X; 5-HT-7; 5HT7; Serotonin receptor 7; 5-hydroxytryptamine 7 receptor | ||
| 5-HT7 receptor (nifext 6855) | |||
| 5-HT7 receptor (nifext 6860) | |||
| 5-HT7 receptor (nifext 6863) | |||
| 5-oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid | |||
| A1 receptor | A1; Adenosine A1 receptor | ||
| A1 receptor (nifext 5718) | |||
| A1 receptor (nifext 5721) | |||
| A1 receptor (nifext 5725) | |||
| A2A receptor | A2A; Adenosine A2a receptor | ||
| A2A receptor (nifext 7728) | |||
| A2A receptor (nifext 7731) | |||
| A2A receptor (nifext 7734) | |||
| A2B receptor | A2B; Adenosine A2b receptor | ||
| A2B receptor (nifext 6026) | |||
| A2B receptor (nifext 6029) | |||
| A2B receptor (nifext 6032) | |||
| A3 receptor | A3; Adenosine A3 receptor | ||
| A3 receptor (nifext 7557) | |||
| A3 receptor (nifext 7561) | |||
| A3 receptor (nifext 7564) | |||
| ABC transporter | |||
| ALX receptor | ALX | ||
| ALX receptor (nifext 7015) | |||
| ALX receptor (nifext 7019) | |||
| ALX receptor (nifext 7022) | |||
| AMPA Receptor | Cell surface proteins that bind glutamate and directly gate ion channels in cell membranes. AMPA receptors were originally discriminated from other glutamate receptors by their affinity for the agonist AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid). They are probably the most common mediators of fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. Several subtypes have been cloned, and for some types the traditional distinction from kainate receptors may not apply (MSH). | ||
| AMPA-type glutamate-gated cationic channel | AMPA receptor AMPA |
Cell surface proteins that bind glutamate and directly gate ion channels in cell membranes. AMPA receptors were originally discriminated from other glutamate receptors by their affinity for the agonist AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid). They are probably the most common mediators of fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. Several subtypes have been cloned, and for some types the traditional distinction from kainate receptors may not apply (MSH). | |
| ANKTM1 | ankyrin-like with transmembrane domains 1 | ||
| ANT-1 | |||
| ANT-2 | |||
| APJ receptor | APJ | ||
| APJ receptor (nifext 5969) | |||
| APJ receptor (nifext 5972) | |||
| APJ receptor (nifext 5975) | |||
| AT1 receptor | AT1 | ||
| AT1 receptor (nifext 5742) | |||
| AT1 receptor (nifext 5748) | |||
| AT1 receptor (nifext 5751) | |||
| AT2 receptor | AT2 | ||
| AT2 receptor (nifext 6845) | |||
| AT2 receptor (nifext 6848) | |||
| AT2 receptor (nifext 6851) | |||
| ATP-gated ion channel | P2X receptor-linked ion channel ATP2x receptor-linked ion channel ATP2x receptor P2X receptor |
||
| Acetate | |||
| Acetylcholine | A neurotransmitter. Acetylcholine in vertebrates is the major transmitter at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system. It is generally not used as an administered drug because it is broken down very rapidly by cholinesterases, but it is useful in some ophthalmological applications (MSH). | ||
| Acetylcholine (muscarinic) receptor | mAChR Muscarinic ACh receptor Muscarinic AChR MAChR Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor |
One of the two major classes of cholinergic receptors. Muscarinic receptors were originally defined by their preference for MUSCARINE over NICOTINE. There are several subtypes (usually M1, M2, M3....) that are characterized by their cellular actions, pharmacology, and molecular biology. Year introduced: 1984(1977) - adapted from MeSH | |
| Acetylcholine Receptor | cholinergic receptor AChR |
Cell surface proteins that bind acetylcholine with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells. Cholinergic receptors are divided into two major classes, muscarinic and nicotinic, based originally on their affinity for nicotine and muscarine. Each group is further subdivided based on pharmacology, location, mode of action, and/or molecular biology (MSH). | |
| Acetylcholine-gated channel (nicotinic) | Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor nAChR |
This is an acetylcholine binding, cationic channel, which is primarily found on the muscle tissue of vertebrates. | |
| Acetylcholinesterase | Acetylcholine esterase | An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of acetylcholine to choline and acetate. In the CNS, this enzyme plays a role in the function of peripheral neuromuscular junctions. EC 3.1.1.7. (MSH) | |
| Actin | Filamentous proteins that are the main constituent of the thin filaments of muscle fibers. The filaments (known also as filamentous or F-actin) can be dissociated into their globular subunits; each subunit is composed of a single polypeptide 375 amino acids long. This is known as globular or G-actin. In conjunction with MYOSINS, actin is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle (MSH). | ||
| Adenine Nucleotide Transporter | Transports adenine nucleotides (AMP, ADP, and ATP) across membranes (Gene Ontology). | ||
| Adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate | |||
| Adenosine 5'-O-(2-fluoro)-diphosphate | |||
| Adenosine 5'-O-(2-thio)-diphosphate | |||
| Adenosine 5'-O-(3-thio)-triphosphate | |||
| Adenosine 5'-diphosphate | |||
| Adenosine 5'-monophosphate | |||
| Adenosine 5'-triphosphate | |||
| Adenosine receptor | |||
| Adrenoceptor receptor | Alpha-adrenergic receptor Alpha adrenergic receptor Beta-adrenergic receptor Beta adrenergic receptor |
Class of G-protein receptors that are activated by catecholamines. | |
| Adrenocorticotropic hormone | |||
| Adrenomedullin | |||
| Allograft inflammatory factor 1 | Ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 Microglia response factor |
a small 17-kDa protein consisting of 147 amino acids. It contains two EF hand motifs in the central third of the molecule. | |
| Alpha 3 Acetylcholine Receptor | Neuronal Acetylcholine Receptor Subunit Alpha-3 CHRNA3 NACHRA3 Cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 1 |
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3 is encoded by the human CHRNA3 gene. This protein plays a role in ion transport. After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane. Neuronal AChR is composed of two different types of subunits: alpha and beta. Alpha-3 subunit can be combined to beta-2 or beta-4 to give rise to functional receptors. Interacts with RIC3; which is required for proper folding and assembly. (Adapted from NCBI and Swiss-Prot). | |
| Alpha 7 Acetylcholine Receptor | Acra7 Acetylcholine Receptor Alpha 7 CHRNA7 Cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7 α7 receptor |
||
| Alpha Actinin | Cytoskeletal protein present in Z lines of muscle fibrils and at sites of non-muscle cell contact with a substrate (CSP). | ||
| Alpha Tubulin | One of two globular polypeptides forming microtubules. | ||
| Alpha bungarotoxin | α-bungarotoxin | A type of bungarotoxin derived from the venom of the Taiwanese cobra Bugarus multicinctus. It is a peptide of 74 amino acids that bind to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor with high affiniα-bungarotoxinty. | |
| Alpha-Synuclein DNA | The alpha-Synuclein gene is mapped to human chromosome 4q21.3-q22 and organized as seven exons, five of which are protein-coding. | ||
| Alpha-Synuclein Protein | NACP Nonamyloid Component of Plaques Precursor Protein |
Predominantly a presynaptic neuronal protein of unknown function, but can also be found in glial cells. Expressed particularly in the neocortex, hippocampus, striatum, thalamus, and cerebellum. It is normally an unstructured protein yet it can aggregate to form incoluble fibrils in pathological conditions characterized by Lewy bodies. It is the primary structural component of Lewy body fibrils and an alpha-synuclein fragment, known as the non-ABeta component (NAC) is found in amyloid plaques. | |
| Alpha-Synuclein RNA | The alpha-Synuclein mRNA is targeted when researchers target alpha-Synuclein gene expression. | ||
| Alpha-ketoglutarate | a-ketoglutarate | ||
| Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone | a-melanocyte stimulating hormone | ||
| Alpha1A receptor | alpha1A; alpha 1A A1A; Alpha 1A- adrenoreceptor; Alpha 1A-adrenoceptor; Alpha adrenergic receptor 1c; Alpha-1C adrenergic receptor; Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor adrenoceptor 1A ADRA1A |
Adrenergic receptor with high affinity binding to WB-4101. | |
| Alpha1A receptor (nifext 7252) | |||
| Alpha1A receptor (nifext 7258) | |||
| Alpha1A receptor (nifext 7261) | |||
| Alpha1B receptor | alpha1B alpha 1B A1B; Alpha 1B- adrenoreceptor; Alpha 1B-adrenoceptor; Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor adrenoceptor 1B ADRA1B |
Alpha adrenergic receptor with a lower affinity for WB-4101. | |
| Alpha1B receptor (nifext 7144) | |||
| Alpha1B receptor (nifext 7147) | |||
| Alpha1B receptor (nifext 7150) | |||
| Alpha1D receptor | alpha1D; alpha 1D; A1D; Alpha 1D- adrenoreceptor; Alpha 1D-adrenoceptor; Alpha adrenergic receptor 1a; Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor; Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor adrenoceptor 1D ADRA1D |
Alpha adrenergic receptor that is found in the rat aorta, and is genetically different from the other alpha1 receptors. | |
| Alpha1D receptor (nifext 7242) | |||
| Alpha1D receptor (nifext 7245) | |||
| Alpha1D receptor (nifext 7248) | |||
| Alpha2A receptor | alpha2A; alpha 2A; A2A; Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor subtype C10; Alpha-2A adrenoceptor; Alpha-2A adrenoreceptor; Alpha-2AAR; Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor α2A adrenoreceptor ADRA2A |
Alpha adrenergic receptor that is found in platelets and has a low affinity for prazosin. Alpha-2-adrenergic receptors include 3 highly homologous subtypes: alpha2A, alpha2B, and alpha2C. These receptors have a critical role in regulating neurotransmitter release from sympathetic nerves and from adrenergic neurons in the central nervous system. Studies in mice revealed that both the alpha2A and alpha2C subtypes were required for normal presynaptic control of transmitter release from sympathetic nerves in the heart and from central noradrenergic neurons; the alpha2A subtype inhibited transmitter release at high stimulation frequencies. (Adapted from Entrez Gene). | |
| Alpha2A receptor (nifext 6236) | |||
| Alpha2A receptor (nifext 6239) | |||
| Alpha2A receptor (nifext 6242) | |||
| Alpha2B receptor | alpha2B; alpha 2B; A2B; Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor subtype C2; Alpha-2B adrenoceptor; Alpha-2B adrenoreceptor; Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor | This a subtype of the Alpha2 adrenergic receptor that is found in neonatal rat lung that has a high affinity for prazosin. Alpha-2-adrenergic receptors include 3 highly homologous subtypes: alpha2A, alpha2B, and alpha2C. These receptors have a critical role in regulating neurotransmitter release from sympathetic nerves and from adrenergic neurons in the central nervous system. (Adapted from Entrez Gene). | |
| Alpha2B receptor (nifext 7134) | |||
| Alpha2B receptor (nifext 7137) | |||
| Alpha2B receptor (nifext 7140) | |||
| Alpha2C receptor | alpha2C; alpha 2C; A2C; Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor subtype C4; Alpha-2C adrenoceptor; Alpha-2C adrenoreceptor; Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor α2C adrenoreceptor ADRA2C; |
The alpha-2C adrenergic receptor (α2C adrenoreceptor), also known as ADRA2C, is an alpha-2 adrenergic receptor, and also denotes the human gene encoding it. Alpha-2-adrenergic receptors include 3 highly homologous subtypes: alpha2A, alpha2B, and alpha2C. These receptors have a critical role in regulating neurotransmitter release from sympathetic nerves and from adrenergic neurons in the central nervous system. Studies in mouse revealed that both the alpha2A and alpha2C subtypes were required for normal presynaptic control of transmitter release from sympathetic nerves in the heart and from central noradrenergic neurons; the alpha2C subtype modulated neurotransmission at lower levels of nerve activity. (Adapted from Entrez Gene). | |
| Alpha2C receptor (nifext 7114) | |||
| Alpha2C receptor (nifext 7117) | |||
| Alpha2C receptor (nifext 7120) | |||
| Alpha2D receptor | Alpha2D Alpha 2D A2D |
Some species other than humans express this fourth type of Alpha2-adrenergic receptor: α2D-adrenergic receptor. (Adapted from Entrez Gene). | |
| Amino Acid | Amino acids | Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins (MSH). | |
| Aminoalkylindole | |||
| Amylin | |||
| Amyloid Precursor Protein | APP amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Amyloid beta A4 protein Alzheimer disease amyloid protein |
A membrane protein expressed in many tissues and concentrated in the synapses of neurons. It is implicated as a regulator of synapse formation and neural plasticity. Its proteolysis generates amyloid beta. | |
| Amyloid Protein | Fibrous protein with insoluble fibrils that generally resist proteolytic digestion. | ||
| Anaphylatoxin C3a | |||
| Anaphylatoxin C5a | |||
| Anaphylatoxin receptor | |||
| Anaphylatoxin receptor - unspecified 1 | |||
| Anaphylatoxin receptor - unspecified 1 (nifext 5586) | |||
| Anaphylatoxin receptor - unspecified 1 (nifext 5589) | |||
| Anaphylatoxin receptor - unspecified 1 (nifext 5593) | |||
| Anaphylatoxin receptor - unspecified 2 | |||
| Anaphylatoxin receptor - unspecified 2 (nifext 6246) | |||
| Anaphylatoxin receptor - unspecified 2 (nifext 6249) | |||
| Anaphylatoxin receptor - unspecified 2 (nifext 6252) | |||
| Anaphylatoxin receptor - unspecified 3 | |||
| Anaphylatoxin receptor - unspecified 3 (nifext 6593) | |||
| Anaphylatoxin receptor - unspecified 3 (nifext 6596) | |||
| Anaphylatoxin receptor - unspecified 3 (nifext 6599) | |||
| Angiotensin | |||
| Angiotensin receptor | |||
| Anionic cys-loop ligand-gated ion channel | |||
| Antibody | antibodies immunoglobulin |
An antibody is any of the structurally related proteins that function as immunoglobulins. They are divided into five classes (IGA, IGD, IGE, IGG, IGM) on the basis of structure and biological activity. | |
| Apelin | |||
| Apelin receptor | |||
| Apolipoprotein | |||
| Apolipoprotein E | Apo-E; Apolipoprotein E precursor; Apolipoprotein E | ||
| Apolipoprotein J | |||
| Aquaporin 4 | |||
| Arachidonic acid | (5Z 8Z 11Z 14Z)-icosa-5 8 11 14-tetraenoic acid |
||
| Aromatic L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase | DOPA decarboxylase; DDC; Dopa decarboxylase; Dopa-decarboxylase; DOPA-decarboxylase; Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase; EC 4.1.1.28; | A protein that is a translation product of the DDC gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. It is a synthetic enzyme that is involved in the second step of the catecholamine synthesis, in which it converts L-DOPA to dopamine via the removal of the carboxyl group from the alpha-carbon on the side chain, with the subsequent liberation of free carbon dioxide. This process also involves the co-factor Pyridoxal phosphate. AADC acts on a variety of aromatic amino acids besides DOPA. (Adapted from "Principles of Neuropsychopharmacology" and PRotein Ontology). | |
| Aspartate | HO2CCH(NH2)CH2CO2H Aspartic acid |
the carboxylate anion of aspartic acid and the L-isomer of aspartate is one of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the building blocks of proteins. Its codons are GAU and GAC. (adapted from Wikipedia) | |
| B1 receptor | B1 | ||
| B1 receptor (nifext 7513) | |||
| B1 receptor (nifext 7516) | |||
| B1 receptor (nifext 7519) | |||
| B2 receptor | B2; B2R; BK-2 receptor; B2 bradykinin receptor | ||
| B2 receptor (nifext 6953) | |||
| B2 receptor (nifext 6956) | |||
| B2 receptor (nifext 6959) | |||
| BAM8-22 | |||
| BB1 receptor | BB1 | ||
| BB1 receptor (nifext 6533) | |||
| BB1 receptor (nifext 6536) | |||
| BB1 receptor (nifext 6539) | |||
| BB2 receptor | BB2 | ||
| BB2 receptor (nifext 7652) | |||
| BB2 receptor (nifext 7655) | |||
| BB2 receptor (nifext 7658) | |||
| BB3 receptor | BB3 | ||
| BB3 receptor (nifext 5649) | |||
| BB3 receptor (nifext 5652) | |||
| BB3 receptor (nifext 5655) | |||
| BDNF | brain-derived neurotrophic factor | ||
| BLT1 receptor | BLT1 | ||
| BLT1 receptor (nifext 6603) | |||
| BLT1 receptor (nifext 6606) | |||
| BLT1 receptor (nifext 6609) | |||
| BLT2 receptor | BLT2 | ||
| BLT2 receptor (nifext 7768) | |||
| BLT2 receptor (nifext 7771) | |||
| BLT2 receptor (nifext 7774) | |||
| Beta Neurexin | |||
| Beta Tubulin | One of two globular polypeptides forming microtubules. | ||
| Beta secretase | an aspartic-acid protease important in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, and in the formation of myelin sheaths in peripheral nerve cells. The transmembrane protein, contains two active site aspartate residues in its extracellular protein domain and may function as a dimer. | ||
| Beta secretase 1 | Memapsin-2 | ||
| Beta secretase 2 | |||
| Beta-Amyloid | Amyloid-Beta Amyloid Beta Beta Amyloid Aβ Abeta |
A 39-43 amino acid peptide composed of 11-15 amino acids of the transmembrance domain of amyloid precursor protein (APP). | |
| Beta-Amyloid 40 | Amyloid-Beta 40 | ||
| Beta-Amyloid 42 | Amyloid-Beta 42 | ||
| Beta-Synuclein Protein | PNP14 Phosphoneuroprotein 14 |
A synuclein protein found primarily in brain tissue and seen mainly in presynaptic terminals. It is predominantly expressed in the neocortex, hippocampus, striatum, thalamus, and cerebellum. It is not found in lewy bodies, but it is associated with hippocampal pathology in Parkinson's disease and dimentia with Lewy bodies. | |
| Beta-alanine | b-alanine | ||
| Beta-endorphin | b-endorphin | ||
| Beta-melanocyte stimulating hormone | b-melanocyte stimulating hormone | ||
| Beta-phenylethylamine | b-phenylethylamine | ||
| Beta1 receptor | beta1; Beta 1; B1; Beta-1 adrenoceptor; Beta-1 adrenoreceptor; Beta-1 adrenergic receptor | Beta Adrenergic receptor with approximately equal affinity for epinephrine and norepinephrine. This adrenergic receptor is part of a prototypic family of guanine nucleotide binding regulatory protein-coupled receptors that mediate the physiological effects of the hormone epinephrine and the neurotransmitter norepinephrine. Specific polymorphisms in this gene have been shown to affect the resting heart rate and can be involved in heart failure. (Adapted from Entrez Gene). | |
| Beta1 receptor (nifext 7877) | |||
| Beta1 receptor (nifext 7880) | |||
| Beta1 receptor (nifext 7883) | |||
| Beta2 receptor | beta2; beta 2; b2; Beta-2 adrenoceptor; Beta-2 adrenoreceptor; Beta-2 adrenergic receptor; β2 adrenoreceptor; ADRB2; | Beta adrenergic receptor with 100-fold greater affinity for epinephrine than norepinephrine. This receptor is directly associated with one of its ultimate effectors, the class C L-type calcium channel Ca(V)1.2. This receptor-channel complex also contains a G protein, an adenylyl cyclase, cAMP-dependent kinase, and the counterbalancing phosphatase, PP2A. The assembly of the signaling complex provides a mechanism that ensures specific and rapid signaling by this G protein-coupled receptor. This receptor's gene is intronless. Different polymorphic forms, point mutations, and/or downregulation of this gene are associated with nocturnal asthma, obesity and type 2 diabetes. (adapted from Entrez gene) | |
| Beta2 receptor (nifext 7076) | |||
| Beta2 receptor (nifext 7079) | |||
| Beta2 receptor (nifext 7082) | |||
| Beta3 receptor | beta3; beta 3; b;3Beta-3 adrenoceptor; Beta-3 adrenoreceptor; Beta-3 adrenergic receptor; β3 adrenoreceptor; ADRB3; | Beta adrenergic receptor found in brown adipose tissue, which stimulates lipolysis and thermogenesis. This receptor class has a low affinity for beta1 and beta2 receptors, but a high affinity for BRL 37344 and its derivatives. It is located mainly in adipose tissue and is involved in the regulation of lipolysis and thermogenesis. Some β3 agonists have demonstrated antistress effects in animal studies, suggesting it also has a role in the CNS. Beta3-Receptors are found in the gallbladder, urinary bladder, and in brain adipose tissue. Their role in gallbladder physiology is unknown, but they are thought to play a role in lipolysis and thermogenesis in brown fat. In the urinary bladder it is thought to cause relaxation of the bladder and prevention of urination. | |
| Beta3 receptor (nifext 6794) | |||
| Beta3 receptor (nifext 6797) | |||
| Beta3 receptor (nifext 6800) | |||
| Bombesin receptor | |||
| Bradykinin | |||
| Bradykinin receptor | |||
| Bungarotoxin | A polypeptide neurotoxin that is obtained from krait venom and yields three electrophoretic fractions of which the one designated α is used especially to label acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junctions because it binds irreversibly to them and blocks their activity —often used with one of the Greek prefixes α-, β-, or γ- to indicate the electrophoretic fractions. (from Merriam-Webster online dictionary) | ||
| Butyrylcholinesterase | Pseudocholinesterase Nonspecific cholinesterase Cholinesterase Pseudocholinesterase E1 Plasma Cholinesterase Choline Esterase II Butyrylcholine Esterase Acylcholine Acylhydrolase |
Human butyrylcholinesterase protein (602 aa, 68 kD), a serine esterase, is encoded by the human butyrylcholinesterase (BCHE) gene. This protein, a homotetramer, is present in most cells (except erythrocytes) and catalyzes the hydrolysis of acylcholines to yield a choline and a carboxylate anion. Reduced serum activity of the BCHE protein causes hypocholinesterasemia, a condition resulting in sensitivity to the muscle relaxant suxamethonium, which is commonly used in association with surgical anesthesia. (Definition from NCI Thesaurus and concept from MSH.) | |
| C Chemokine | |||
| C-C Chemokine | C-C motif chemokine | ||
| C5a des Arg74 | |||
| CB1 receptor | CB1; CANN6; CB-R; CB 1; Cannabinoid receptor 1 | ||
| CB1 receptor (nifext 6900) | |||
| CB1 receptor (nifext 6904) | |||
| CB1 receptor (nifext 6907) | |||
| CB2 receptor | CB2; CB-2; CB 2; CX5; Cannabinoid receptor 2 | ||
| CB2 receptor (nifext 8000) | |||
| CB2 receptor (nifext 8003) | |||
| CB2 receptor (nifext 8006) | |||
| CCK1 receptor | CCK1; CCK-A receptor; CCK-AR; CCK1-R; Cholecystokinin-1 receptor; Cholecystokinin type A receptor | ||
| CCK1 receptor (nifext 7917) | |||
| CCK1 receptor (nifext 7920) | |||
| CCK1 receptor (nifext 7923) | |||
| CCK2 receptor | CCK2; CCK-B receptor; CCK-BR; CCK2-R; Cholecystokinin-2 receptor; Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor | ||
| CCK2 receptor (nifext 6398) | |||
| CCK2 receptor (nifext 6401) | |||
| CCK2 receptor (nifext 6404) | |||
| CCL1 | |||
| CCL11 | eotaxin | ||
| CCL13 | |||
| CCL14 | |||
| CCL15 | |||
| CCL16 | |||
| CCL17 | |||
| CCL19 | |||
| CCL2 | |||
| CCL20 | |||
| CCL21 | |||
| CCL22 | |||
| CCL23 | |||
| CCL24 | |||
| CCL25 | |||
| CCL26 | |||
| CCL27 | |||
| CCL28 | |||
| CCL3 | |||
| CCL4 | |||
| CCL5 | |||
| CCL7 | |||
| CCL8 | |||
| CCR1 receptor | CCR1 | ||
| CCR1 receptor (nifext 8020) | |||
| CCR1 receptor (nifext 8023) | |||
| CCR1 receptor (nifext 8026) | |||
| CCR10 receptor | CCR10 | ||
| CCR10 receptor (nifext 7588) | |||
| CCR10 receptor (nifext 7591) | |||
| CCR10 receptor (nifext 7596) | |||
| CCR2 receptor | CCR2 | ||
| CCR2 receptor (nifext 6056) | |||
| CCR2 receptor (nifext 6060) | |||
| CCR2 receptor (nifext 6063) | |||
| CCR3 receptor | CCR3 | ||
| CCR3 receptor (nifext 5923) | |||
| CCR3 receptor (nifext 5927) | |||
| CCR3 receptor (nifext 5930) | |||
| CCR4 receptor | CCR4; CD184 antigen; CXC-R4; CXCR-4; FB22; Fusin; HM89; LCR1; LESTR; Leukocyte-derived seven transmembrane domain receptor; NPYRL; SDF-1 receptor; Stromal cell- derived factor 1 receptor; C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 | ||
| CCR4 receptor (nifext 7748) | |||
| CCR4 receptor (nifext 7751) | |||
| CCR4 receptor (nifext 7754) | |||
| CCR5 receptor | CCR5; C-C CKR-5; CC-CKR-5; CCR-5; CCR 5; CD195 antigen; CHEMR13; HIV-1 fusion coreceptor; C-C chemokine receptor type 5 | ||
| CCR5 receptor (nifext 5913) | |||
| CCR5 receptor (nifext 5916) | |||
| CCR5 receptor (nifext 5919) | |||
| CCR6 receptor | CCR6 | ||
| CCR6 receptor (nifext 6301) | |||
| CCR6 receptor (nifext 6305) | |||
| CCR6 receptor (nifext 6308) | |||
| CCR7 receptor | CCR7 | ||
| CCR7 receptor (nifext 7907) | |||
| CCR7 receptor (nifext 7910) | |||
| CCR7 receptor (nifext 7913) | |||
| CCR8 receptor | CCR8 | ||
| CCR8 receptor (nifext 6278) | |||
| CCR8 receptor (nifext 6281) | |||
| CCR8 receptor (nifext 6284) | |||
| CCR9 receptor | CCR9 | ||
| CCR9 receptor (nifext 6077) | |||
| CCR9 receptor (nifext 6081) | |||
| CCR9 receptor (nifext 6084) | |||
| CNGA1 | CNG1 CNGa1 RCNC1 |
||
| CNGA2 | OCNC1 CNGa3 CNG2 |
||
| CNGA3 | CNGa2 CNG3 CCNC1 |
||
| CNGA4 | OCNC2 CNG5 CNGB2 CNGa4 |
||
| CNGB1 | CNG4 RCNC2 CNGb1 |
||
| CNGB3 | CNG6 CCNC2 CNGb2 |
||
| CX3C Chemokine | |||
| CX3CL1 | |||
| CX3CR1 receptor | CX3CR1 | ||
| CX3CR1 receptor (nifext 7738) | |||
| CX3CR1 receptor (nifext 7741) | |||
| CX3CR1 receptor (nifext 7744) | |||
| CXC Chemokine | |||
| CXCL1 | |||
| CXCL10 | |||
| CXCL11 | |||
| CXCL12 | |||
| CXCL13 | |||
| CXCL14 | |||
| CXCL15 | |||
| CXCL16 | |||
| CXCL2 | |||
| CXCL3 | |||
| CXCL5 | |||
| CXCL6 | |||
| CXCL7 | |||
| CXCL8 | |||
| CXCL9 | |||
| CXCR1 receptor | CXCR1 | ||
| CXCR1 receptor (nifext 6573) | |||
| CXCR1 receptor (nifext 6576) | |||
| CXCR1 receptor (nifext 6579) | |||
| CXCR2 receptor | CXCR2 | ||
| CXCR2 receptor (nifext 7025) | |||
| CXCR2 receptor (nifext 7028) | |||
| CXCR2 receptor (nifext 7031) | |||
| CXCR3 receptor | CXCR3 | ||
| CXCR3 receptor (nifext 6503) | |||
| CXCR3 receptor (nifext 6506) | |||
| CXCR3 receptor (nifext 6509) | |||
| CXCR4 receptor | CXCR4 | ||
| CXCR4 receptor (nifext 6654) | |||
| CXCR4 receptor (nifext 6658) | |||
| CXCR4 receptor (nifext 6661) | |||
| CXCR5 receptor | CXCR5 | ||
| CXCR5 receptor (nifext 7448) | |||
| CXCR5 receptor (nifext 7452) | |||
| CXCR5 receptor (nifext 7455) | |||
| Cadherin | A group of functionally related glycoproteins responsible for the calcium-dependent cell-to-cell adhesion mechanism. They are divided into subclasses E-, P-, and N-cadherins, which are distinct in immunological specificity and tissue distribution. They promote cell adhesion via a homophilic mechanism. These compounds play a role in the construction of tissues and of the whole animal body (MSH). | ||
| Calbindin 28K | Calbindin calbindin 1 28kDa calbindin D28K |
||
| Calcitonin | |||
| Calcitonin-gene related peptide | |||
| Calcium calmodulin protein kinase II | |||
| Calcium channel - type 1 | |||
| Calcium channel - type 2 | |||
| Calcium channel - type 3 | cacna1h | ||
| Calcium-activated potassium channel | Kca channel | ||
| Calcium-activated potassium channel - type 1 | |||
| Calcium-activated potassium channel - type 2 | |||
| Calcium-activated potassium channel - type 3 | |||
| Calcium-activated potassium channel - type 4 | IK1; IKCa1; KCa4; Putative Gardos channel; SK4 Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4, should I put under | ||
| Calcium-activated potassium channel - type 5 | |||
| Calnexin | Calnexin precursor; IP90; Major histocompatibility complex class I antigen- binding protein p88; p90 | Calnexin (CNX) is a 90kDa integral protein of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It consists of a large (50 kDa) N-terminal calcium-binding lumenal domain, a single transmembrane helix and a short (90 residues), acidic cytoplasmic tail. | |
| Calpain 1 | calcium-dependent protease | ||
| Cannabinoid receptor | |||
| Carbohydrate | The largest class of organic compounds, including starches, glycogens, cellulose, gums, and simple sugars. Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of Cn(H2O)n (MSH). | ||
| Carbon monoxide | carbonic oxide | is produced naturally by the human body. This carbon monoxide may have a physiological role in the body, such as a neurotransmitter or a blood vessel relaxant. Because of carbon monoxide's role in the body, abnormalities in its metabolism have been linked to a variety of diseases, including neurodegenerations, hypertension, heart failure, and inflammation. (from Wikipedia) | |
| Carboxylic acid | |||
| CatSper1 | |||
| CatSper2 | |||
| CatSper3 | CACRC | ||
| CatSper4 | BN000273 | ||
| Catechol O-methyltransferase | Catechol Methyltransferase; Catechol-O-Methyltransferase; S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:catechol O-methyltransferase; CATECHOL METHYLTRANSFERASE O; Catechol O Methyltransferase; O-Methyltransferase Catechol; Methyltransferase Catechol |
Enzyme that catalyzes the movement of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionone to a catechol or a catecholamine. EC 2.1.1.6. (MSH) | |
| Catecholamine | |||
| Cationic cys-loop ligand-gated ion channel | |||
| Cav alpha2 | |||
| Cav alpha2.1 | |||
| Cav alpha2.2 | |||
| Cav beta | |||
| Cav beta1 | |||
| Cav beta2 | |||
| Cav beta3 | |||
| Cav beta4 | |||
| Cav delta | |||
| Cav delta1 | |||
| Cav delta2 | |||
| Cav gamma | |||
| Cav gamma1 | |||
| Cav gamma2 | |||
| Cav gamma3 | |||
| Cav gamma4 | |||
| Cav gamma5 | |||
| Cav gamma6 | |||
| Cav gamma7 | |||
| Cav gamma8 | |||
| Cav1.1 | a1S skeletal muscle L-type Ca channel skeletal muscle dihydropyridine receptor |
||
| Cav1.2 | cardiac or smooth muscle dihydropyridine receptor a1C cardiac or smooth muscle L-type Ca channel |
||
| Cav1.3 | 'neuroendocrine' L-type Ca channel a1D |
||
| Cav1.4 | a1F | ||
| Cav2.1 | rBA-1 (rat) BI-1 Q-type P-type a1A BI-2 (rabbit) |
||
| Cav2.2 | BIII (rabbit) a1B rbB-I N-type rbB-II (rat) |
||
| Cav2.3 | BII-1 rbE-II (rat) R-type BII-2 (rabbit) a1E |
||
| Cav3.1 | T-type a1G CavT.1 |
||
| Cav3.2 | T-type a1I |
||
| Cav3.2 (nifext 2658) | CavT.2 T-type a1H |
||
| Chemokine | |||
| Chemokine receptor | |||
| Chemokine receptor - unspecified 1 | |||
| Chemokine receptor - unspecified 1 (nifext 5410) | |||
| Chemokine receptor - unspecified 1 (nifext 5414) | |||
| Chemokine receptor - unspecified 2 | |||
| Chemokine receptor - unspecified 2 (nifext 5512) | |||
| Chemokine receptor - unspecified 2 (nifext 5515) | |||
| Chemokine receptor - unspecified 2 (nifext 5518) | |||
| Chemokine receptor - unspecified 3 | |||
| Chemokine receptor - unspecified 3 (nifext 5569) | |||
| Chemokine receptor - unspecified 3 (nifext 5572) | |||
| Chemokine receptor - unspecified 4 | |||
| Chemokine receptor - unspecified 4 (nifext 6367) | |||
| Chemokine receptor - unspecified 4 (nifext 6370) | |||
| Chemokine receptor - unspecified 4 (nifext 6373) | |||
| Cholecystokinin | |||
| Cholecystokinin receptor | |||
| Cholic | Bile acid | ||
| Choline Acetyltransferase | Choline acetylase | A synthetic enzyme that catalyzes the formation of acetylcholine from acetyl-CoA and choline. EC 2.3.1.6 (MSH). | |
| Cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha 5 | CHOLINERGIC RECEPTOR NEURONAL NICOTINIC ALPHA POLYPEPTIDE 5; ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR ALPHA-5 SUBUNIT Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-5 |
A protein that is a translation product of the CHRNA5 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), such as CHRNA5, are members of a superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels that mediate fast signal transmission at synapses. The nAChRs are thought to be (hetero)pentamers composed of homologous subunits. See MIM 118508 for additional background information on AChRs.(adapted from OMIM). | |
| Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan | |||
| Chorionic gonadotropin | |||
| Chx10 | Chx10 Hox10 Hox-10 |
C. elegans ceh-10 homeo domain containing homolog | |
| Clathrin | Major protein of the polyhedral coat of coated pits and vesicles (EMBL-EBI). | ||
| Connexin | A group of homologous proteins which form the intermembrane channels of gap junctions. The connexins are the products of an identified gene family which has both highly conserved and highly divergent regions. The variety contributes to the wide range of functional properties of gap junctions (MSH). | ||
| Connexin 32 | |||
| Connexin 43 | A 43 kD peptide which is a member of the connexin family of gap junction proteins. Connexin 43 is a product of a gene in the alpha class of connexin genes (the alpha-1 gene). It was first isolated from mammalian heart, but is widespread in the body including the brain (MSH). | ||
| Contactin | |||
| Corticotropin releasing factor | CRF | ||
| Cortistatin | |||
| Cyan fluorescent protein | |||
| Cyclic-nucleotide gated channel | CNG channel | ||
| Cyclic-nucleotide gated channel - type A | |||
| Cyclic-nucleotide gated channel - type B | |||
| Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 | Cell division protein kinase 5 Tau protein kinase II catalytic subunit |
serine/threonine kinase involved in synaptic regulation and neuronal development; phosphorylates synaptic protein Pctaire1; regulates acetylcholine receptor expression (from Rat Genome Database) | |
| Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 regulatory subunit 1 | Tau protein kinase II 23 kDa subunit Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activator 1 TPKII regulatory subunit CDK5 activator 1 |
A protein that serves as a neuron-specific activator of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5)(from Entrez gene) | |
| Cys-loop ligand-gated ion channel | |||
| CysLT1 receptor | CysLT1; CysLTR1; Cysteinyl leukotriene D4 receptor; HG55; HMTMF81; LTD4 receptor; Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 | ||
| CysLT1 receptor (nifext 7758) | |||
| CysLT1 receptor (nifext 7761) | |||
| CysLT1 receptor (nifext 7764) | |||
| CysLT2 receptor | CysLT2; CysLTR2; HG57; HPN321; hGPCR21; Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2 | ||
| CysLT2 receptor (nifext 6377) | |||
| CysLT2 receptor (nifext 6380) | |||
| CysLT2 receptor (nifext 6383) | |||
| Cystatin C | |||
| Cytidine | |||
| Cytidine 5'-diphosphate | |||
| Cytidine 5'-monophosphate | |||
| Cytidine 5'-triphosphate | |||
| Cytochrome c | A small heme protein found loosely associated with the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. | ||
| Cytoskeletal Protein | Major constituent of the cytoskeleton found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. They form a flexible framework for the cell, provide attachment points for organelles and formed bodies, and make communication between parts of the cell possible (MSH). | ||
| D Dopa | D-3-(3 4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine; 3 4-dihydroxy-D-phenylalanine; D-3 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine; (+)-3 4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine; D-dopa; (2R)-2-amino-3-(3 4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid; D DOPA; D-Dopa; D-DOPA; |
A dopa that has formula C9H11NO4. It is a enantiomer of L-dopa. (Adapted from CHEBI). | |
| D1 receptor | D1; D(1A) dopamine receptor DRD1 D1 dopamine receptor |
Dopamine receptor that stimulates adenylyl cyclase activity, and has a high affinity for SKF 38393 and its homologs. It is a protien that is encoded, in humans, by the DRD1 gene. The D1 subtype is the most abundant dopamine receptor in the central nervous system. This G-protein coupled receptor stimulates adenylyl cyclase and activates cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases. D1 receptors are enriched in Caudate-putamen, nucleus accumbens, and olfactory tubercles. These receptors regulate neuronal growth and development, mediate some behavioral responses, and modulate dopamine receptor D2-mediated events. Alternate transcription initiation sites result in two transcript variants of this gene. (adapted from Entrez Gene) | |
| D2 receptor | D2; D2S; D2L; D2S/D2L; Dopamine D2 receptor; D(2) dopamine receptor; DRD2 | Dopamine receptor is a G-protien coupled receptor that inhibits adenylyl cyclase activity, potentiate calcium evoked release of arachadonic acid, increase potassium channel opening and in some cells decrease intracellular calcium concentrations. D2 receptors have a high affinity for antipsychotic drugs and have higher levels of expression in mammalian hippocampus and hypothalamus. It is encoded by the DRD2 gene in humans and a missense mutation in this gene causes myoclonus dystonia; other mutations have been associated with schizophrenia. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. A third variant has been described, but it has not been determined whether this form is normal or due to aberrant splicing. (adapted from Entrez Gene). | |
| D2 receptor (nifext 5834) | |||
| D2 receptor (nifext 5838) | |||
| D2 receptor (nifext 5841) | |||
| D3 receptor | D3; D(3) dopamine receptor DRD3 |
D3 receptor is the transcription product of the DRD3 gene. This subtype of dopaminergic receptor decreases adenylyl cyclase activity through inhibitory G-proteins. This receptor is expressed in phylogenetically older regions of the brain, especially enriched in the Islands of Calleja, olfactory tubercles, and the nucleus accumbens. This suggests that this receptor plays a role in cognitive and emotional functions. It is a target for drugs which treat schizophrenia, drug addiction, and Parkinson's disease. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants that would encode different isoforms, although some variants may be subject to nonsense-mediated decay. (Adapted from Entrez Gene) | |
| D3 receptor (nifext 6752) | |||
| D3 receptor (nifext 6756) | |||
| D3 receptor (nifext 6759) | |||
| D4 receptor | D4; D(2C) dopamine receptor; Dopamine D4 receptor; D(4) dopamine receptor | This Dopaminergic receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor encoded by the DRD4 gene. As with other dopamine receptor subtypes, the D4 receptor is activated by the neurotransmitter dopamine, however this specific subtype is enriched in expression in the frontal cortex, diencephalon, and the brain stem. It is also a target for drugs which treat schizophrenia and Parkinson disease. The D4 receptor is considered to be D2-like in which the activated receptor inhibits the enzyme adenylate cyclase, thereby reducing the intracellular concentration of the second messenger cyclic AMP. (Adapted from Wikipedia) | |
| D4 receptor (nifext 7164) | |||
| D4 receptor (nifext 7167) | |||
| D4 receptor (nifext 7170) | |||
| D5 receptor | D5; 1B; D(5) dopamine receptor; D1beta dopamine receptor; D(1B) dopamine receptor; DRD5; | This dopaminergic receptor is a protein that in humans in encoded by the DRD5 gene. The D5 subtype is a G-protein coupled receptor which stimulates adenylyl cyclase.This receptor is expressed in neurons in the limbic regions of the brain, especially in the hippocampus and the hypothalamus. It has a 10-fold higher affinity for dopamine than the D1 subtype. Pseudogenes related to this gene reside on chromosome 1 and chromosome 2. (Adapted from Entrez Gene). | |
| D5 receptor (nifext 7275) | |||
| D5 receptor (nifext 7278) | |||
| D5 receptor (nifext 7281) | |||
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid | A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine) (MSH). | |
| DOPA | is a naturally-occurring dietary supplement and psychoactive drug found in certain kinds of food and herbs (e.g., Mucuna pruriens, or velvet bean), and is synthesized from the essential amino acid L-tyrosine (TYR) in the mammalian body and brain. (From Wikipedia) | ||
| DP receptor | DP; PGD receptor; Prostanoid DP receptor; Prostaglandin D2 receptor | ||
| DP receptor (nifext 7097) | |||
| DP receptor (nifext 7100) | |||
| DP receptor (nifext 7103) | |||
| Delta receptor | delta opioid receptor; DOR-1; Delta-type opioid receptor | ||
| Delta receptor (nifext 6922) | |||
| Delta receptor (nifext 6925) | |||
| Delta receptor (nifext 6928) | |||
| DeltaFosB | Delta FosB ΔFosB |
||
| Deoxycytidine | |||
| Deoxyguanosine | |||
| Dihydropteridine reductase | HDHPR; quinoid dihydropteridine reductase; QDPR; DPR; Reductase; Dihydropteridine Reductase; 6 7-Dihydropteridine; 6 7 Dihydropteridine Reductase; |
A protein that is a translation product of the QDPR gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. It is an enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of 6,7-dihydropteridine to 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine in the presence of NADP+. It is an important side reaction in the synthesis of DOPA from Tyrosine.(Adapted from PRO and Medical Subject Headings). | |
| Dimeric dimer ion channel | |||
| Dimeric ion channel | |||
| Dopamine Transporter Type 1 | Sodium dependent transport protein, located on presynaptic terminals, involved in the uptake of dopamine; site at which cocaine exerts rewarding/ reinforcing effects (CSP). | ||
| Dopamine beta-hydroxylase | Dopamine beta-Monooxygenase; 3 4-Dihydroxyphenethylamine ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating); Dopamine beta Hydroxylase; beta-Hydroxylase Dopamine; Dopamine beta Monooxygenase; beta-Monooxygenase Dopamine; Dopamine beta Monooxygenase; 3 ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating); Dopamine beta-Monooxygenase |
Dopamine beta-hydroxylase is a synthesizing enzyme that for converting dopamine into norepinephrine. It can be inhibited by drugs that act as Cu2+ chelating agents. A protein that is a translation product of the DBH gene or a 1:1. (Adapted from Protein Ontology). DBH catalyzes the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine + ascorbate + O2 = noradrenaline + dehydroascorbate + H2O. (Cu2+ is cofactor) (Adapted from GO). | |
| Dopamine receptor | DA DA receptor |
Receptor that binds dopamine. These receptors are either D1-like receptors or D2-like receptors, where the D1 receptors (D1 and D5) increase adenylyl cyclase activity and the D2-like receptors (D2, D3, and D4) decrease adenylyl cyclase activity. The two families are distinguishable by expression patterns and pharmacology, and involved with different disease states. D1-like receptor family is involved with the brain's reward system and schizophrenia, while D2-like family is involved with motor control systems and Parkinsons disease. | |
| Dopamine transporter | Dopamine active transporter | ||
| Doublecortin | A cytoplasmic protein which appears to direct neuronal migration by regulating the organization and stability of microtubules. The encoded protein contains two doublecortin domains, which bind microtubules. In addition, the encoded protein interacts with LIS1, the regulatory gamma subunit of platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase, and this interaction is important to proper microtubule function in the developing cortex (Entrez Gene definition: GeneID: 1641. | ||
| Drebrin | |||
| Dynamin | A family of high molecular weight GTP phosphohydrolases that play a direct role in vesicle transport. They associate with microtubule bundles (microtubules) and are believed to produce mechanical force via a process linked to GTP hydrolysis (MSH). | ||
| Dynorphin | |||
| Dynorphin A | |||
| EAAT1 | |||
| EAAT2 | |||
| EAAT3 | |||
| EAAT4 | |||
| EP1 receptor | EP1; PGE receptor EP1 subtype; Prostanoid EP1 receptor; Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype |
||
| EP1 receptor (nifext 7035) | |||
| EP1 receptor (nifext 7038) | |||
| EP1 receptor (nifext 7041) | |||
| EP2 receptor | EP2; PGE receptor EP2 subtype; Prostanoid EP2 receptor; Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype |
||
| EP2 receptor (nifext 6441) | |||
| EP2 receptor (nifext 6444) | |||
| EP2 receptor (nifext 6447) | |||
| EP3 receptor | EP3; PGE receptor EP3 subtype; PGE2-R; Prostanoid EP3 receptor; Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype |
||
| EP3 receptor (nifext 7864) | |||
| EP3 receptor (nifext 7870) | |||
| EP3 receptor (nifext 7873) | |||
| EP4 receptor | EP4; PGE receptor EP4 subtype; Prostanoid EP4 receptor; Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype |
||
| EP4 receptor (nifext 7611) | |||
| EP4 receptor (nifext 7614) | |||
| EP4 receptor (nifext 7617) | |||
| ERK | Extracellular signal-related protein kinase | ||
| ETA receptor | ETA; ET-A; ETA-R; Endothelin A receptor; Endothelin-1 receptor precursor; hET- AR; Endothelin-1 receptor | ||
| ETA receptor (nifext 5612) | |||
| ETA receptor (nifext 5615) | |||
| ETA receptor (nifext 5618) | |||
| ETB receptor | ETB; ET-B; Endothelin B receptor precursor; Endothelin receptor Non- selective type; Endothelin B receptor | ||
| ETB receptor (nifext 6419) | |||
| ETB receptor (nifext 6423) | |||
| ETB receptor (nifext 6426) | |||
| Eicosanoid lipid | |||
| Endorphin | |||
| Endothelin | |||
| Endothelin 1 | |||
| Endothelin 2 | |||
| Endothelin 3 | |||
| Endothelin receptor | |||
| Enhanced green fluorescent protein | Variation of the green fluorescent protein with a point mutantion with enhanced fluorescent yield relative to wild type GFP | ||
| Enkephalin | encephalin | ||
| ErkA | ERK1 | ||
| ErkB | ERK2 | ||
| Estrogen | |||
| F-actin | |||
| FFA1 receptor | FFA1; G-protein coupled receptor 40; Free fatty acid receptor 1 | ||
| FFA1 receptor (nifext 7683) | |||
| FFA1 receptor (nifext 7686) | |||
| FFA1 receptor (nifext 7689) | |||
| FFA2 receptor | FFA2 | ||
| FFA2 receptor (nifext 7470) | |||
| FFA2 receptor (nifext 7473) | |||
| FFA3 receptor | FFA3 | ||
| FFA3 receptor (nifext 7831) | |||
| FFA3 receptor (nifext 7834) | |||
| FFA3 receptor (nifext 7837) | |||
| FOS | FOS protein | A class of nuclear leucine zipper proteins (FOS, FOSB, FOSL1, and FOSL2) that can dimerize with JUN Family proteins and bind DNA as the AP-1 transcription factor complex to regulate transcription in cell proliferation, differentiation. | |
| FP receptor | FP; PGF receptor; PGF2 alpha receptor; Prostanoid FP receptor; Prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor | ||
| FP receptor (nifext 6633) | |||
| FP receptor (nifext 6637) | |||
| FP receptor (nifext 6640) | |||
| FSH receptor | FSH | ||
| FSH receptor (nifext 6825) | |||
| FSH receptor (nifext 6829) | |||
| FSH receptor (nifext 6832) | |||
| Fatty acid | long chain carboxylic acid | ||
| Fluorescent protein | Protein that possesses native fluorescence. Naturally occuring fluorescent proteins include green fluroescent protein, originally isolated from the jellyfish. Other colors of fluorescent proteins were produced through mutations, e.g., the Yellow fluorescent protein. These proteins are used extensively as biosensors through fusion of gene for the fluorescent protein to a target protein. | ||
| Follicle-stimulating hormone | |||
| FosB | |||
| Fragile X mental retardation protein | Protein FMR-1SYNCI | Fragile X mental retardation 1 protein (632 aa, ~71 kDa) is encoded by the human FMR1 gene. This protein may be involved in mRNA transport. From NCI Thesaurus. | |
| Free fatty acid receptor | |||
| Free fatty acid receptor - unspecified 1 | |||
| Free fatty acid receptor - unspecified 1 (nifext 5273) | |||
| G protein-coupled bile acid receptor | |||
| G-Protein | |||
| G-actin | |||
| G-betagamma | G?? beta-gamma complex |
||
| G-protein coupled receptor | 7TM membrane receptor | test | |
| GABA | Gamma-Aminobutyric acid | An amino fatty acid composed of butanoic acid with the amino substituent at C-4; the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CHEBI) | |
| GABA A-gated anionic channel | GABA A receptor GABAA GABAA R |
GABA-activated chloride channel (anionic) expressed throughout the vertebrate central nervous system, that is modified by many drugs including: GABA; Picrotoxin, convulsants and depressants; barbituates; steroids, volitile compounds and anesthetics; and benzodiazapines and ethanol. | |
| GABA C-gated anionic channel | GABA C receptor GABAC GABA(C) GABA-C |
An anionic channel, permeable to chloride, that is insensitive to bicuculline and baclofen, but sensitive to GABA and its analogs, including cis-4-aminocrotonic acid (CACA). | |
| GABA-B Receptor | GABAB GABA B Receptor GABA_B Gamma-aminobutyric acid-B receptor |
Cell surface proteins which bind GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID and influence cells via interactions with G-proteins. GABA-B receptors are pharmacologically characterized by their insensitivity to the blocker bicuculline and sensitivity to the agonist L-baclofen. They are found both presynaptically and postsynaptically, and act variously by inhibition of adenylate cyclase, activation of phospholipase A2, activation of potassium channels, and inactivation of voltage-activated calcium channels. Year introduced: 1994 - definition from MeSH | |
| GABA-gated anionic channel | GABA receptor | ||
| GABBR1 | GABA-B receptor 1; GABA-B-R1; Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit precursor; Gb1; Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1; GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID B RECEPTOR 1; GABA-B RECEPTOR R1 SUBUNIT; GABABR1 |
taken from OMIM | |
| GABBR2 | G-protein coupled receptor 51; GABA-B receptor 2; GABA-B-R2; GABABR2; Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2 precursor; Gb2; HG20; Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2; GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID B RECEPTOR 2; GABA-B RECEPTOR R2 SUBUNIT; GABABR2; GPR51 |
taken from OMIM | |
| GABRA1 | GABA-A RECEPTOR; ALPHA-1 POLYPEPTIDE ; GABRA1; Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-precursor; Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-1 | taken from OMIM | |
| GABRA2 | GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha-2; Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-2 precursor; Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-2; GABA-A RECEPTOR ALPHA-2 POLYPEPTIDE; GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID RECEPTOR ALPHA-2 Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-2 |
taken from OMIM | |
| GABRA3 | GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID RECEPTOR ALPHA-3; GABA-A RECEPTOR ALPHA-3 POLYPEPTIDE; Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-3 precursor; Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-3 |
taken from OMIM | |
| GABRA4 | Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-4 precursor; Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-4; GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID RECEPTOR ALPHA-4; GABA-A RECEPTOR ALPHA-4 POLYPEPTIDE; |
taken from OMIM | |
| GABRA5 | Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-5 precursor; Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-5 GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID RECEPTOR ALPHA-5 GABA-A RECEPTOR ALPHA-5 POLYPEPTIDE |
taken from OMIM | |
| GABRA6 | Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-6 precursor; Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit alpha-6; GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID RECEPTOR ALPHA-6; GABA-A RECEPTOR ALPHA-6 POLYPEPTIDE |
taken from OMIM | |
| GABRB1 | GABA(A; Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit beta-precursor; Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit beta-1; GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID RECEPTOR BETA-1; GABA-A RECEPTOR BETA-1 POLYPEPTIDE |
taken from OMIM | |
| GABRB2 | GABA(A; Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit beta-2 precursor; Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit beta-2; GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID RECEPTOR BETA-2; GABA-A RECEPTOR BETA-2 POLYPEPTIDE; Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2 |
taken from OMIM | |
| GABRB3 | GABA(A; Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit beta-3 precursor; Gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor subunit beta-3; GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID RECEPTOR BETA-3; GABA-A RECEPTOR BETA-3 POLYPEPTIDE |
taken from OMIM | |
| GAD67 | Glutamate decarboxylase 67 kDa isoform 67 kDa glutamic acid decarboxylase GAD-67 glutamic acid decarboxylase 1 |
An enzyme that catalyzes the production of gamma-aminobutyric acid from L-glutamic acid. | |
| GAL1 receptor | GAL1 | ||
| GAL1 receptor (nifext 7662) | |||
| GAL1 receptor (nifext 7665) | |||
| GAL1 receptor (nifext 7668) | |||
| GAL2 receptor | GAL2 | ||
| GAL2 receptor (nifext 6774) | |||
| GAL2 receptor (nifext 6777) | |||
| GAL2 receptor (nifext 6780) | |||
| GAL3 receptor | GAL3 | ||
| GAL3 receptor (nifext 6764) | |||
| GAL3 receptor (nifext 6767) | |||
| GAL3 receptor (nifext 6770) | |||
| GPBA receptor | GPBA | ||
| GPBA receptor (nifext 5902) | |||
| GPBA receptor (nifext 5905) | |||
| GPBA receptor (nifext 5908) | |||
| Galanin | |||
| Galanin receptor | |||
| Gamma secretase | A protein complex containing presenilin, nicastrin, ACH-1, and PEN-2. Presenilin is believed to harbor the protease domain and represents an important example of an uncommon type of protease that cleaves targets within the cell membrane. | ||
| Gamma-Synuclein Protein | BCSG1 Breast Cancer-specific Gene Persyn |
A synuclein protein found primarily in the peripheral nervous system (in primary sensory neurons, sympathetic neurons, and motor neurons) and retina. It is also detected in the brain, ovarian tumors, breast tumors, and in the olfactory epithelium. It is the least conserved of the synuclein proteins. | |
| Gamma-melanocyte stimulating hormone | g-melanocyte stimulating hormone gamma-MSH |
||
| Ganglioside | |||
| Gastric inhibitory polypeptide | |||
| Gastrin | |||
| Gastrin-releasing peptide | |||
| Gene | Genes | A region (or regions) that includes all of the sequence elements necessary to encode a functional transcript. A gene may include regulatory regions, transcribed regions and/or other functional sequence regions. | |
| Ghrelin | |||
| Ghrelin receptor | ghrelin | ||
| Ghrelin receptor (nifext 7621) | |||
| Ghrelin receptor (nifext 7625) | |||
| Ghrelin receptor (nifext 7628) | |||
| Gi | G-protein i | ||
| Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein | The major component of glia-specific intermediate filament primarily found in astrocytes and Bergmann glia. | ||
| Glial cell derived neurotrophic factor | A small protein that potently promotes the survival of many types of neurons (adapted from Wikipedia) | ||
| GluCl glutamate-gated chloride channel | GluCl glutamate receptor; Avermectin- sensitive glutamate-gated chloride channel subunit; Glu-Cl beta subunit; Glutamate-gated chloride channel subunit beta precursor; Glutamate-gated chloride channel subunit beta | ||
| GluR1 | |||
| GluR2 | gria2 dkfzp459f083 glur2 glur-2 glur-b glur-k2 mgc139795 glurb hbgr2 |
||
| GluR3 | |||
| Glucocorticoid | A steroid hormone that regulates a variety of physiological processes, in particular control of the concentration of glucose in blood. | ||
| Glucose | |||
| GlurR3 | |||
| Glutamate | Glut | The carboxylate anion of glutamic acid; and the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system of vertebrates, the peripheral nervous system of invertebrates. | |
| Glutamate Receptor | Cell-surface proteins that bind glutamate and trigger changes which influence the behavior of cells. Glutamate receptors include ionotropic receptors (AMPA, kainate, and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors), which directly control ion channels, and metabotropic receptors which act through second messenger systems. Glutamate receptors are the most common mediators of fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. They have also been implicated in the mechanisms of memory and of many diseases (MSH). | ||
| Glutamate Transporter | Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters EAAT |
||
| Glutamate decarboxylase 2 | Enzyme responsible for catalyzing the production of gamma-aminobutyric acid from L-glutamic acid with a molecular weight of 65 kDa. | ||
| Glutamate-gated cationic channel | Glutamate receptor GluR |
Cell-surface proteins that bind glutamate and trigger changes which influence the behavior of cells. Glutamate receptors include ionotropic receptors (AMPA, kainate, and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors), which directly control ion channels, and metabotropic receptors which act through second messenger systems. Glutamate receptors are the most common mediators of fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. They have also been implicated in the mechanisms of memory and of many diseases (MSH). | |
| Glutamic acid decarboxylase | |||
| Glycine | 2-Aminoacetic acid Aminoacetic acid Aminoethanoic acid Gly Aciport Glicoamin Glycocoll Glycolixir Glycosthene Gyn-Hydralin Padil |
A non-essential amino acid. It is found primarily in gelatin and silk fibroin and used therapeutically as a nutrient. It is also a fast inhibitory neurotransmitter. (PubChem) Pharmacology: Helps trigger the release of oxygen to the energy requiring cell-making process; Important in the manufacturing of hormones responsible for a strong immune system. Mechanism of action: In the CNS, there exist strychnine-sensitive glycine binding sites as well as strychnine-insensitive glycine binding sites. The strychnine-insensitive glycine-binding site is located on the NMDA receptor complex. The strychnine-sensitive glycine receptor complex is comprised of a chloride channel and is a member of the ligand-gated ion channel superfamily. The putative antispastic activity of supplemental glycine could be mediated by glycine's binding to strychnine-sensitive binding sites in the spinal cord. This would result in increased chloride conductance and consequent enhancement of inhibitory neurotransmission. The ability of glycine to potentiate NMDA receptor-mediated neurotransmission raised the possibility of its use in the management of neuroleptic-resistant negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Animal studies indicate that supplemental glycine protects against endotoxin-induced lethality, hypoxia-reperfusion injury after liver transplantation, and D-galactosamine-mediated liver injury. Neutrophils are thought to participate in these pathologic processes via invasion of tissue and releasing such reactive oxygen species as superoxide. In vitro studies have shown that neutrophils contain a glycine-gated chloride channel that can attenuate increases in intracellular calcium and diminsh neutrophil oxidant production. This research is ealy-stage, but suggests that supplementary glycine may turn out to be useful in processes where neutrophil infiltration contributes to toxicity, such as ARDS. Drug type: Approved. Nutraceutical. Small Molecule. Drug category: Dietary supplement. Glycine Agents. Micronutrient. Non-Essential Amino Acids | taken from DrugBank |
| Glycine-gated chloride channel | Glycine receptor; GABA-gated chloride channel subunit | ||
| Glycogen | |||
| Glycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha | a multifunctional protein serine kinase, homologous to Drosophila 'shaggy' (zeste-white3) and implicated in the control of several regulatory proteins including glycogen synthase (from NCBI Entrez Gene) | ||
| Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta | A serine-threonine kinase, belonging to the glycogen synthase kinase subfamily. It is involved in energy metabolism, neuronal cell development, and body pattern formation. Polymorphisms in this gene have been implicated in modifying risk of Parkinson disease, and studies in mice show that overexpression of this gene may be relevant to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. (NCBI Entrez Gene) | ||
| Glycoprotein | A compound in which a carbohydrate component is covalently bound to a protein component.(CHEBI) | ||
| Glycoprotein hormone receptor | |||
| GnRH receptor | |||
| GnRH receptor - unspecified 1 | |||
| GnRH receptor - unspecified 1 (nifext 5282) | |||
| GnRH receptor - unspecified 2 | GnRH-II-R; Type II GnRH receptor; Gonadotropin-releasing hormone II receptor | ||
| GnRH receptor - unspecified 2 (nifext 7536) | |||
| GnRH receptor - unspecified 2 (nifext 7540) | |||
| GnRH receptor - unspecified 2 (nifext 7543) | |||
| Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone | gonadorelin; Gonadotropin-releasing hormone; Luteinizing-hormone releasing hormone; GnRH receptor; GnRH-R; Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor | ||
| Gq | Gq/11 | ||
| Green fluorescent protein | A naturally occuring fluorescent protein of 238 amino acids (26.9 kDa), originally isolated from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria that fluoresces green when exposed to blue light. The GFP from A. victoria has a major excitation peak at a wavelength of 395 nm and a minor one at 475 nm. Its emission peak is at 509 nm which is in the lower green portion of the visible spectrum. The GFP from the sea pansy (Renilla reniformis) has a single major excitation peak at 498 nm. In cell and molecular biology, the GFP gene is frequently used as a reporter of expression. In modified forms it has been used to make biosensors, and many animals have been created that express GFP as a proof-of-concept that a gene can be expressed throughout a given organism. (Adapted from Wikipedia) | ||
| Growth hormone-releasing hormone | |||
| Gs | G-protein s | ||
| Guanosine | |||
| Guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate | |||
| Guanosine 5'-diphosphate | |||
| Guanosine 5'-monophosphate | |||
| Guanosine 5'-triphosphate | |||
| H1 receptor | H1; Histamine H1 receptor | ||
| H1 receptor (nifext 6334) | |||
| H1 receptor (nifext 6337) | |||
| H1 receptor (nifext 6340) | |||
| H2 receptor | H2; Gastric receptor I; H2R; Histamine H2 receptor | ||
| H2 receptor (nifext 6492) | |||
| H2 receptor (nifext 6495) | |||
| H2 receptor (nifext 6499) | |||
| H3 receptor | H3; G-protein coupled receptor 97; HH3R; Histamine H3 receptor | ||
| H3 receptor (nifext 7329) | |||
| H3 receptor (nifext 7332) | |||
| H3 receptor (nifext 7335) | |||
| H4 receptor | H4; AXOR35; G-protein coupled receptor 105; GPCR105; GPRv53; HH4R; SP9144; Histamine H4 receptor | ||
| H4 receptor (nifext 6784) | |||
| H4 receptor (nifext 6787) | |||
| H4 receptor (nifext 6790) | |||
| HCN1 | HAC2 BCNG1 |
||
| HCN2 | BCNG2 HAC1 |
||
| HCN3 | HAC3 BCNG4 |
||
| HCN4 | BCNG3 HAC4 |
||
| Heterotrimeric G proteins | G12/13 | ||
| Histamine | is produced by basophils and mast cells (in connective tissues) and is involved in local immune responses and regulating physiological function in the gut and acting as a neurotransmitter. - adapted from Wikipedia | ||
| Histamine receptor | |||
| Histamine-gated chloride channel | |||
| Horse radish peroxidase | Horseradish peroxidase | An enzyme found in horseradish that is used extensively in molecular biology applications primarily for its ability to amplify a weak signal and increase detectability of a target molecule | |
| Huntingtin | is the protein coded by the gene, huntingtin, identified in 1993. It is variable in its structure as there are many polymorphisms of the gene which can lead to variable numbers of glutamine residues present in the protein. In its wild-type form, it contains 6-35 glutamine residues; however, in individuals affected by Huntington's Disease, it contains more than 36 glutamine residues. Huntingtin has a predicted mass of ~350kDa, although this varies and is largely dependent on the number of glutamine residues in the protein. Normal huntingtin is generally accepted to be 3144 amino acids in size. Adapted from Wikipedia | ||
| Hyperpolarization and cyclic-nucleotide gated channel | HCN channel | ||
| IP1 receptor | IP1; PGI receptor; Prostaglandin I2 receptor; Prostanoid IP receptor Prostacyclin receptor | ||
| IP1 receptor (nifext 7285) | |||
| IP1 receptor (nifext 7288) | |||
| IP1 receptor (nifext 7291) | |||
| Insulin | A hormone composed of 51 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 5808 Da. It is produced in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. | ||
| Insulin like growth factor 1 | |||
| Insulin, porcine | Insulin precursor Iletin II |
Insulin isolated from pig pancreas. Composed of alpha and beta chains, processed from pro-insulin. Forms a hexameric structure Pharmacology: Insulin is used in the treatment of type I and type II diabetes. The primary activity of insulin is the regulation of glucose metabolism. In muscle and other tissues (except the brain), insulin causes rapid transport of glucose and amino acids intracellularly. It also promotes anabolism, and inhibits protein catabolism. In the liver, insulin promotes the uptake and storage of glucose in the form of glycogen, inhibits gluconeogenesis, and promotes the conversion of excess glucose into fat. Mechanism of action: Insulin binds to the insulin receptor (IR), a heterotetrameric protein consisting of two extracellular alpha units and two transmembrane beta units. The binding of insulin to the alpha subunit of IR stimulates the tyrosine kinase activity intrinsic to the beta subunit of the receptor. The bound receptor is able to autophosphorylate and phosphorylate numerous intracellular substrates such as insulin receptor substrates (IRS) proteins, Cbl, APS, Shc and Gab 1. These activated proteins, in turn, lead to the activation of downstream signaling molecules including PI3 kinase and Akt. Akt regulates the activity of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and protein kinase C (PKC) which play a critical role in metabolism and catabolism. Drug type: Approved. Biotech. Drug category: Hypoglycemic Agents | taken from DrugBank |
| Insulin-like peptide | |||
| Insulin-like peptide 5 | |||
| Integrin | |||
| Interleukin | A group of cytokines (secreted proteins/signaling molecules) that were first seen to be expressed by white blood cells (leukocytes), The term interleukine, (inter-) as a means of communication, (-leukin) deriving from the fact that many of these proteins are produced by leukocytes and act on leukocytes. The name is something of a relic though (the term was coined by Dr. Paetkau, University of Victoria); it has since been found that interleukins are produced by a wide variety of body cells. The function of the immune system depends in a large part on interleukins, and rare deficiencies of a number of them have been described, all featuring autoimmune diseases or immune deficiency. The majority of interleukins are synthesized by helper CD4+ T lymphocytes, as well as through monocytes, macrophages, and endothelial cells. (Adapted from Wikipedia) | ||
| Interleukin-1 | A soluble factor produced by monocytes, macrophages, and other cells which activates T-lymphocytes and potentiates their response to mitogens or antigens. IL-1 consists of two distinct forms, IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta which perform the same functions but are distinct proteins. The biological effects of IL-1 include the ability to replace macrophage requirements for T-cell activation. The factor is distinct from INTERLEUKIN-2 (MSH). | ||
| Inwardly rectifying potassium channel | Kir channel | ||
| Inwardly rectifying potassium channel - type 1 | |||
| Inwardly rectifying potassium channel - type 2 | |||
| Inwardly rectifying potassium channel - type 3 | |||
| Inwardly rectifying potassium channel - type 4 | |||
| Inwardly rectifying potassium channel - type 5 | |||
| Inwardly rectifying potassium channel - type 6 | |||
| Inwardly rectifying potassium channel - type 7 | |||
| Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor | Cell-surface proteins that bind glutamate and trigger changes which influence the behavior of cells. Ionotropic glutamate receptors include AMPA, kainate, often referred to as AMPA/kainate or A/K receptors and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. These receptors directly control ion channels, and are the most common mediators of fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. NMDA receptors have also been implicated in the mechanisms of memory and of many diseases. | ||
| K2p1.1 | TWIK-1 hONO KCNK1 |
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| K2p10.1 | TREK-2 KCNK10 |
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| K2p12.1 | THIK-2 KCNK12 |
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| K2p13.1 | KCNK13 THIK-1 |
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| K2p15.1 | TASK-5 KCNK15 KT3.3 |
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| K2p16.1 | TALK-1 KCNK16 |
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| K2p17.1 | KCNK17 TALK-2 TASK-4 |
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| K2p18.1 | TRIK | ||
| K2p2.1 | KCNK2 TPKC1 TREK-1 |
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| K2p3.1 | TASK-1 KCNK3 TBAK-1 OAT-1 |
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| K2p4.1 | KCNK4 TRAAK |
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| K2p5.1 | TASK-2 KCNK5 |
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| K2p6.1 | TWIK-2 KCNK6 TOSS |
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| K2p7.1 | KCNK7 kcnk8 |
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| K2p9.1 | KCNK9 TASK-3 |
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| KCa beta | |||
| KCa beta1 | |||
| KCa beta2 | |||
| KCa beta3 | |||
| KCa beta4 | |||
| KIF3A | |||
| Kainate Receptor | |||
| Kainate glutamate-gated cationic channel | Kainate receptor | ||
| Kappa receptor | kappa; KOR-1; Kappa-type opioid receptor | ||
| Kappa receptor (nifext 5661) | |||
| Kappa receptor (nifext 5664) | |||
| Kappa receptor (nifext 5667) | |||
| Katanin | Katanin complex | A complex possessing an activity that couples ATP hydrolysis to the severing of microtubules; usually a heterodimer comprising a catalytic subunit (often 60kDa) and a regulatory subunit (often 80 kDa). | |
| Kca1.1 | KCNMA1; Slo; maxi K+ channel; BK channel;BKCA alpha; Calcium-activated potassium channel subfamily M subunit alpha 1; K(VCA)alpha; KCa1.1; Maxi K channel; MaxiK; Slo homolog; Slo-alpha; Slo1; Slowpoke homolog; hSlo; Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha 1 |
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| Kca2.1 | KCNN1 SKCa1 SK1 |
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| Kca2.2 | SKCa2 KCNN2 SK2 |
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| Kca2.3 | KCNN3 SK3 hKCa3 SKCa3 |
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| Kca3.1 | KCNN4 SK4 IK1 Gardos channel IKCa1 KCa4 |
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| Kca4.1 | mSlo2 Slack |
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| Kca4.2 | |||
| Kca5.1 | Slo3 KCNMC1 |
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| KiSS-1 gene product | |||
| KiSS1 receptor | KiSS1 | ||
| KiSS1 receptor (nifext 5599) | |||
| KiSS1 receptor (nifext 5602) | |||
| KiSS1 receptor (nifext 5606) | |||
| KiSS1-derived peptide receptor | |||
| Kir1.1 | ROMK1; ATP-regulated potassium channel ROM-K; Kir1.1; Potassium channel inwardly rectifying subfamily J member 1; ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 1 |
||
| Kir2.1 | IRK1 | ||
| Kir2.2 | IRK2; IRK2; Inward rectifier K(+) channel Kir2.2v; Kir2.2v; Potassium channel inwardly rectifying subfamily J member 12; ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 12 |
||
| Kir2.3 | hIRK2 IRK3 HIR HRK1 |
||
| Kir2.4 | IRK4 | ||
| Kir3.1 | KGA GIRK1; GIRK1; Inward rectifier K(+) channel Kir3.1; Potassium channel inwardly rectifying subfamily J member 3; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1 |
||
| Kir3.2 | GIRK2; BIR1; GIRK2; Inward rectifier K(+) channel Kir3.2; KATP-2; Potassium channel inwardly rectifying subfamily J member 6; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 2 |
||
| Kir3.3 | GIRK3 | ||
| Kir3.4 | GIRK4 | ||
| Kir4.1 | BIR10 KAB-2 Kir1.2 |
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| Kir4.2 | Kir1.3 ROMK3 |
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| Kir5.1 | |||
| Kir6.1 | uKATP-1; Inwardly rectifier K(+) channel Kir6.1; Potassium channel inwardly rectifying subfamily J member 8; uKATP-1; ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 8 |
||
| Kir6.2 | BIR; IKATP; Inward rectifier K(+) channel Kir6.2; Potassium channel inwardly rectifying subfamily J member 11; ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11 |
||
| Kir7.1 | |||
| Kv beta | |||
| Kv beta1 | |||
| Kv beta2 | |||
| Kv beta3 | |||
| Kv1.1 | MBK1 MK1 HBK1 RBK1 RCK1 HuK(I) |
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| Kv1.2 | HuK(IV) NGK1 RAK MK2 HBK5 RCK5 BGK5 XSha2 BK2 |
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| Kv1.3 | MBK3 MK3 hPCN3 HGK5 RGK5 RCK3 HLK3 HuK(III) KV3 |
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| Kv1.4 | HK1 HuK(II) RCK4 RHK1 hPCN2 RK8 MK4 RK4 |
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| Kv1.5 | HK2 RMK2 HuK(II) HCK1 hPCN1 fHK KV1 RK3 |
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| Kv1.6 | KCNA6 KV2 HBK2 RCK2 MK1.6 |
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| Kv1.7 | KCNA7 | ||
| Kv1.8 | KCNA10 Kv1.10 Kcn1 |
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| Kv10.1 | ether-a-go-go KCNH1b eag1a KCNH1a eag1b |
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| Kv10.2 | eag2 KCNH5 |
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| Kv11.1 | KCNH2 HERG erg1 Hergb human ether-a-go-go-related gene |
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| Kv11.2 | erg2 | ||
| Kv11.3 | erg3 | ||
| Kv12.1 | elk1 elk3 |
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| Kv12.2 | BEC1 KCNH3 Elk2 |
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| Kv12.3 | elk1 BEC2 KCNH4 |
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| Kv2.1 | DRK1 hDRK1 |
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| Kv2.2 | CDRK KCNB2 |
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| Kv3.1 | NGK2 Kv3.1 type I channel in T cells KV4 Raw2 |
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| Kv3.2 | rKv3.2b rKv3.2c Kv3.2a RKShIIIA Raw1 |
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| Kv3.3 | Kv3.3b hKv3.3 mKv3.3 RKShIIID |
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| Kv3.4 | HKShIIIC mKv3.4 Raw3 |
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| Kv4.1 | mShal | ||
| Kv4.2 | RK5 Shal1 |
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| Kv4.3 | |||
| Kv5.1 | IK8 KH1 KCNF1 |
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| Kv6.1 | K13 KH2 |
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| Kv6.2 | KCNG2 | ||
| Kv6.3 | KCNG3 Kv10.1 |
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| Kv6.4 | |||
| Kv7.1 | KVLQT1 slow delayed rectifier |
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| Kv7.2 | KQT2 KCNQ2 |
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| Kv7.3 | KCNQ3 | ||
| Kv7.4 | KCNQ4 | ||
| Kv7.5 | KCNQ5 | ||
| Kv8.1 | Kv2.3 HNKA |
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| Kv8.2 | |||
| Kv9.1 | |||
| Kv9.2 | |||
| Kv9.3 | |||
| L1 | Cell adhesion molecule expressed at neuronal surface. | ||
| LH receptor | LH; LH/CG-R; LHR; LSH- R; Luteinizing hormone receptor; Lutropin-choriogonadotropic hormone receptor precursor; Lutropin-choriogonadotropic hormone receptor | ||
| LH receptor (nifext 6257) | |||
| LH receptor (nifext 6260) | |||
| LH receptor (nifext 6263) | |||
| LPA1 receptor | LPA1 | ||
| LPA1 receptor (nifext 6088) | |||
| LPA1 receptor (nifext 6092) | |||
| LPA1 receptor (nifext 6095) | |||
| LPA2 receptor | LPA2 | ||
| LPA2 receptor (nifext 5496) | |||
| LPA2 receptor (nifext 5499) | |||
| LPA3 receptor | LPA3 | ||
| LPA3 receptor (nifext 7578) | |||
| LPA3 receptor (nifext 7581) | |||
| LPA3 receptor (nifext 7584) | |||
| LPC receptor | |||
| LPC receptor - unspecified 1 | |||
| LPC receptor - unspecified 2 | |||
| LPC receptor - unspecified 3 | |||
| LPC receptor - unspecified 4 | |||
| Laminin complex | Laminin | A large, extracellular glycoprotein complex composed of three different polypeptide chains, alpha, beta and gamma. Provides an integral part of the structural scaffolding of basement membranes. | |
| Lectin | |||
| Leptin | A protein hormone secreted by adipocytes involved in the regulation of body fat stores. The human form is ~167 aa, ~16 kD encoded by the leptin gene (LEP). (adapted from Wikipedia) | I'm classifying this as a protein rather than a peptide because it is ~160 aa in length. At least one definition of a peptide is that it is less than 50 aa, but as I understand it, this definition is somewhat arbitrary. We may want to drop the peptide/protein distinction and go with peptide or polypeptide or something like that. | |
| Leu enkephalin | leucine enkephalin | One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from MET-ENKEPHALIN in the LEUCINE at position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN (MeSH) | |
| Leukotriene | |||
| Leukotriene B4 | |||
| Leukotriene C4 | |||
| Leukotriene D4 | |||
| Leukotriene and lipoxin receptor | |||
| Levodopa | 3 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine DOPA L-DOPA L-Dopa L-Dihydroxyphenylalanine Bendopa Brocadopa Cidandopa Deadopa Dopaflex Dopaidan Dopal Dopal-Fher Dopalina Dopar Doparkine Doparl Dopasol Dopaston Dopastral Doprin Eldopal Eldopar Eldopatec Eurodopa Helfo-Dopa Insulamina Laradopa Larodopa Ledopa Levedopa Levopa Maipedopa Parda Pardopa Prodopa Syndopa Veldopa Weldopa; beta-(3 4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine; (2S)-2-amino-3-(3 4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid; (-)-dopa; (-)-3-(3 4-dihydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine; levodopum; Dopar; L-DOPA; beta-(3 4-dihydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine; L-Dopa; 3 4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine; 3-Hydroxy-L-tyrosine; L-beta-(3 4-Dihydroxyphenyl)alanine; Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine; 3 4-DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE; C9H11NO4; |
An amino acid precursor of dopamine with antiparkinsonian properties. L-DOPA is a prodrug that is converted to dopamine by DOPA decarboxylase and can cross the blood-brain barrier. When in the brain, L-DOPA is decarboxylated to dopamine and stimulates the dopaminergic receptors. (Adapted from NCI Thesaurus) Levodopa is naturally occurring form of dihydroxyphenylalanine and the immediate precursor of dopamine. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to dopamine. It is used for the treatment of parkinsonian disorders and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system. (PubChem) Pharmacology: Levodopa (L-dopa) is used to replace dopamine lost in Parkinson's disease because dopamine itself cannot cross the blood-brain barrier where its precursor can. However, L-DOPA is converted to dopamine in the periphery as well as in the CNS, so it is administered with a peripheral DDC (dopamine decarboxylase) inhibitor such as carbidopa, without which 90% is metabolised in the gut wall, and with a COMT inhibitor if possible; this prevents about a 5% loss. The form given therapeutically is therefore a prodrug which avoids decarboxylation in the stomach and periphery, can cross the blood-brain barrier, and once in the brain is converted to the neurotransmitter dopamine by the enzyme aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase. Mechanism of action: Striatal dopamine levels in symptomatic Parkinson's disease are decreased by 60 to 80%, striatal dopaminergic neurotransmission may be enhanced by exogenous supplementation of dopamine through administration of dopamine's precursor, levodopa. A small percentage of each levodopa dose crosses the blood-brain barrier and is decarboxylated to dopamine. This newly formed dopamine then is available to stimulate dopaminergic receptors, thus compensating for the depleted supply of endogenous dopamine. Drug type: Approved. Small Molecule. Drug category: Antidyskinetics. Antiparkinson Agents. Dopamine Agents | taken from DrugBank |
| Lipid | A substances of biological origin that is soluble in nonpolar solvents, consisting of saponifiable lipids, such as glycerides (fats and oils) and phospholipids, as well as nonsaponifiable lipids, principally steroids (adapted from CHEBI). | ||
| Lipopolysaccharide | Natural compound consisting of a trisaccharide repeating unit (two heptose units and octulosonic acid) with oligosaccharide side chains and 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid units (they are a major constituent of the cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria). | ||
| Lipoprotein | A clathrate complex consisting of a lipid enwrapped in a protein host without covalent binding in such a way that the complex has a hydrophilic outer surface consisting of all the protein and the polar ends of any phospholipids. | ||
| Lipoxin | |||
| Lipoxin A | |||
| Lipoxin A4 | |||
| Lipoxin B | |||
| Lipoxin B4 | |||
| Luteinizing hormone | |||
| Lysophosphatidic acid | |||
| Lysophospholipid | |||
| Lysophospholipid receptor | |||
| Lysosome associated membrane protein | lysosomal integral membrane protein | ||
| M1 receptor | M1 M1 AChR M1 acetylcholine receptor Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 |
A specific subtype of muscarinic receptor that has a high affinity for the drug PIRENZEPINE. It is found in the peripheral GANGLIA where it signals a variety of physiological functions such as GASTRIC ACID secretion and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION. This subtype of muscarinic receptor is also found in neuronal tissues including the CEREBRAL CORTEX and HIPPOCAMPUS where it mediates the process of MEMORY and LEARNING. Year introduced: 2004 - adapted from MSH | |
| M1 receptor (nifext 7349) | |||
| M1 receptor (nifext 7352) | |||
| M1 receptor (nifext 7355) | |||
| M2 receptor | M2 M2 AChR M2 acetylcholine receptor Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 |
A specific subtype of muscarinic receptor found in the lower BRAIN, the HEART and in SMOOTH MUSCLE-containing organs. Although present in smooth muscle the M2 muscarinic receptor appears not to be involved in contractile responses. Year introduced: 2004 - adapted from MeSH | |
| M2 receptor (nifext 7947) | |||
| M2 receptor (nifext 7953) | |||
| M2 receptor (nifext 7956) | |||
| M3 receptor | M3 Acetylcholine receptor M3 AChR Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 |
A subclass of muscarinic receptor that mediates cholinergic-induced contraction in a variety of SMOOTH MUSCLES. Year introduced: 2004 - Adapted from MeSH | |
| M3 receptor (nifext 6132) | |||
| M3 receptor (nifext 6135) | |||
| M3 receptor (nifext 6138) | |||
| M4 receptor | M4 Acetylcholine receptor M4 AChR; Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4 |
A specific subtype of muscarinic receptor found in the CORPUS STRIATUM and the LUNG. It has similar receptor binding specificities to MUSCARINIC RECEPTOR M1 and MUSCARINIC RECEPTOR M2. Year introduced: 2004 - Adapted from MeSH | |
| M4 receptor (nifext 6344) | |||
| M4 receptor (nifext 6347) | |||
| M4 receptor (nifext 6350) | |||
| M5 receptor | M5 Acetylcholine receptor M5 AChR Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 |
A specific subtype of muscarinic receptor found in a variety of locations including the SALIVARY GLANDS and the SUBSTANTIA NIGRA and VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA of the BRAIN. Year introduced: 2004 - Adapted from MeSH | |
| M5 receptor (nifext 7339) | |||
| M5 receptor (nifext 7342) | |||
| M5 receptor (nifext 7345) | |||
| MAO | MAO-B; Amine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) (flavin-containing); Oxidase Monoamine; Oxidase Tyramine; MAO A; MAO B; Type A Monoamine Oxidase; Monoamine Oxidase B; Amine Oxidase (Flavin-Containing); MAO; Tyramine Oxidase; Monoamine Oxidase A; MAO-A; Type B Monoamine Oxidase; Monoamine Oxidase |
An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of naturally occurring monoamines. It is a flavin-containing enzyme that is localized in mitochondrial membranes, whether in nerve terminals, the liver, or other organs. Monoamine oxidase is important in regulating the metabolic degradation of catecholamines and serotonin in neural or target tissues. Hepatic monoamine oxidase has a crucial defensive role in inactivating circulating monoamines or those, such as tyramine, that originate in the gut and are absorbed into the portal circulation. (From Goodman and Gilman's, The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p415) EC 1.4.3.4. (from MSH) | |
| MAP kinase | mitogen activated protein kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase |
||
| MAP1 | Microtubule-associated protein 1 | ||
| MAP1A | Microtubule associated protein 1A | ||
| MAP1B | Microtubule-associated protein 1B | ||
| MAP2 | Microtubule associated protein 2 | ||
| MAP5 | A microtubule-associated protein that appears to be evenly distributed throughout axons, dendrites, and neuronal cell bodies. It is absent in synapses, which make it distinguishable from other MAPs (1, 2, 3, and tau). It is not present in dendritic spines, axon terminals, or other synaptic elements. It is present at significantly higher levels in neonatal brain than adult. | ||
| MC1 receptor | MC1 | ||
| MC1 receptor (nifext 6963) | |||
| MC1 receptor (nifext 6966) | |||
| MC1 receptor (nifext 6969) | |||
| MC2 receptor | MC2; ACTH receptor; ACTH-R; Adrenocorticotropin receptor; MC2-R; Melanocortin receptor 2; Adrenocorticotropic hormone receptor | ||
| MC2 receptor (nifext 6013) | |||
| MC2 receptor (nifext 6016) | |||
| MC2 receptor (nifext 6020) | |||
| MC3 receptor | MC3 | ||
| MC3 receptor (nifext 6036) | |||
| MC3 receptor (nifext 6039) | |||
| MC3 receptor (nifext 6042) | |||
| MC4 receptor | MC4 | ||
| MC4 receptor (nifext 7045) | |||
| MC4 receptor (nifext 7048) | |||
| MC4 receptor (nifext 7051) | |||
| MC5 receptor | MC5 | ||
| MC5 receptor (nifext 6046) | |||
| MC5 receptor (nifext 6049) | |||
| MC5 receptor (nifext 6052) | |||
| MCH1 receptor | MCH1 | ||
| MCH1 receptor (nifext 7405) | |||
| MCH1 receptor (nifext 7408) | |||
| MCH1 receptor (nifext 7411) | |||
| MCH2 receptor | MCH2 | ||
| MCH2 receptor (nifext 5292) | |||
| MGluR1 | Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 GRM1 Glutamate metabotropic receptor 1 metabotropic glutamate 1 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 precursor |
Group I metabotropic glutamate receptor, positively coupled to phospholipid metabolism. | |
| MGluR2 | GRM2 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 Glutamate metabotropic receptor 2 Glutamate metabotropic 2 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 precursor |
Group II glutamate receptor negatively coupled to adenylyl cyclase. | |
| MGluR3 | Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 GRM3 Glutamate metabotropic receptor 3 Glutamate metabotropic 3 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 precursor |
Group II metabotropic glutamate receptor, negatively coupled to adenylyl cyclase. | |
| MGluR4 | GRM4 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 Glutamate metabotropic receptor 4 Glutamate metabotropic 4 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 precursor |
Group III metabotropic glutamate receptor, negatively coupled to adenylyl cyclase activity. | note there is a subcategory for this that should be deleted. It is the same as the supercategory. |
| MGluR5 | GRM5 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 Glutamate metabotropic receptor 5 Glutamate metabotropic 5 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 precursor mGlu5 5 metabotropic glutamate receptor |
Group I metabotropic glutamate receptor, positively coupled to phospholipid metabolism. | |
| MGluR5a | Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5a Glutamate metabotropic receptor 5a Glutamate metabotropic 5a |
Group I metabotropic glutamate receptor, positively coupled to phospholipid metabolism and found in the retina. | |
| MGluR6 | GRM6 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 Glutamate metabotropic receptor 6 Glutamate metabotropic 6 |
Group III metabotropic glutamate receptor, negatively coupled to adenylyl cyclase. | |
| MGluR7 | Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 GRM7 Glutamate metabotropic receptor 7 Glutamate metabotropic 7 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 precursor |
Group III metabotropic glutamate receptor, negatively coupled to adenylyl cyclase. | |
| MGluR8 | GRM8 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 Glutamate metabotropic receptor 8 Glutamate metabotropic 8 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 precursor |
Group III metabotropic glutamate receptor, negatively coupled to adenylyl cyclase. | |
| MRNA | RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm (MSH). | ||
| MT1 receptor | MT1; Mel-1A-R; Mel1a melatonin receptor; Melatonin receptor type 1A; Mel-1B-R; Mel1b melatonin receptor; Melatonin receptor type 1B | ||
| MT1 receptor (nifext 6868) | |||
| MT1 receptor (nifext 6871) | |||
| MT1 receptor (nifext 6874) | |||
| MT2 receptor | MT2 | ||
| MT2 receptor (nifext 6972) | |||
| MT2 receptor (nifext 6975) | |||
| MT2 receptor (nifext 6978) | |||
| Macromolecular complex | |||
| Macromolecule | |||
| Macrophage derived lectin | |||
| Melanin-concentrating hormone | |||
| Melanin-concentrating hormone receptor | |||
| Melanocortin receptor | |||
| Melanocyte stimulating hormone | |||
| Melatonin receptor | |||
| Met enkephalin | methionine enkephalin | One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from LEU-ENKEPHALIN by the amino acid METHIONINE in position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN (MeSH) | |
| Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor | mGluRs GRM Glutamate metabotropic Metabotropic glutamate |
The metabotropic glutamate receptors, or mGluRs, are a type of glutamate receptor which are active through an indirect metabotropic process. They are members of the group C family of G-protein-coupled receptors, or GPCRs, and are divided into 3 groups based on sequence homology and binding affinities. Like all glutamate receptors, mGluRs bind to glutamate, an amino acid that functions as an excitatory neurotransmitter.
Group I mGluR's are coupled to phospholipid metabolism and comprise members 1 and 5 Group II mGluR's are coupled to reduced cAMP turnover and comprise members 2, 3 and 4 Group III mGluR's are coupled to reduced cAMP turnover and comprise members 6, 7, and 8 |
|
| MinK-like | |||
| MinK-like 1 | |||
| MinK-like 2 | |||
| MinK-like 3 | |||
| MinK-like 4 | |||
| MinK-like 5 | |||
| Mitochondrial DNA | Double-stranded DNA of MITOCHONDRIA. In eukaryotes, the mitochondrial genome is circular and codes for ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, and about 10 proteins (MSH). | ||
| Monoamines | |||
| Monoclonal antibody | Monoclonal Monoclonal antibodies |
||
| Monomeric Voltage-gated ion channel | |||
| Monomeric ion channel | |||
| Motilin | |||
| Motilin receptor | motilin | ||
| Motilin receptor (nifext 5277) | |||
| Mu receptor | mu; MOR-1 Mu-type opioid receptor Mu opioid receptor |
||
| Mu receptor (nifext 7703) | |||
| Mu receptor (nifext 7709) | |||
| Mu receptor (nifext 7712) | |||
| Multimeric Voltage-gated ion channel | Voltage-gated ion channel | ||
| Multimeric ion channel | |||
| Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor | Muscarinic cholinergic receptor | G-protein coupled surface receptor that mediates acetylcholine action on smooth and cardiac muscle and in CNS; may be linked to a potassium channel (membrane polarization) or second messenger systems (CSP). | |
| Myelin Basic Protein | A group of 7 proteins produced from a single gene by alternate splicing found in central and peripheral nervous system myelin. The major basic protein (MBP) has long been of interest because it is the antigen, that, when injected into an animal, elicits a cellular immune response that produces the CNS autoimmune disease called experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (encephalomyelitis, allergic). In the peripheral nervous system, myelin basic protein 18.5 kD is often referred to as the P1 protein. (From Siegel et al., Basic Neurochemistry, 5th ed, p130, 133) (MSH) | ||
| Myosin | A diverse superfamily of proteins that function as translocating proteins. They share the common characteristics of being able to bind ACTINS and hydrolyse MgATP. Myosins generally consist of heavy chains which are involved in locomotion, and light chains which are are involve in regulation. Within the structure of myosin heavy chain are three domains: the head, the neck and the tail. The head region of the heavy chain contains the actin binding domain and MgATPase domain which provides energy for locomotion. The neck region is involved in binding the light-chains. The tail region provides the anchoring point that maintains the position of the heavy chain. The superfamily of myosins is organized into structural classes based upon the type and arrangement of the subunits they contain (MSH). | ||
| N-formyl-L-Met-L-Leu-L-Phe | |||
| N-formylpeptide receptor | |||
| N-formylpeptide receptor - unspecified 1 | |||
| N-formylpeptide receptor - unspecified 1 (nifext 5303) | |||
| N-formylpeptide receptor - unspecified 2 | |||
| N-formylpeptide receptor - unspecified 2 (nifext 6001) | |||
| N-formylpeptide receptor - unspecified 2 (nifext 6004) | |||
| N-formylpeptide receptor - unspecified 2 (nifext 6007) | |||
| NG2 | |||
| NGF | NGF | Nerve growth factor (NGF), the prototypical growth factor, is a protein secreted by a neuron's target. NGF is critical for the survival and maintenance of sympathetic and sensory neurons. NGF is released from the target cells, binds to and activates its high affinity receptor TrkA, and is internalized into the responsive neuron. The NGF/TrkA complex is subsequently trafficked back to the cell body. This movement of NGF from axon tip to soma is thought to be involved in the long-distance signaling of neurons | |
| NK1 receptor | NK1; NK-1 receptor; NK-1R; SPR; Tachykinin receptor 1; Substance-P receptor | ||
| NK1 receptor (nifext 7086) | |||
| NK1 receptor (nifext 7090) | |||
| NK1 receptor (nifext 7093) | |||
| NK2 receptor | NK2; NK-2 receptor; NK-2R; Neurokinin A receptor; SKR; Tachykinin receptor 2; Substance-K receptor | ||
| NK2 receptor (nifext 7789) | |||
| NK2 receptor (nifext 7792) | |||
| NK2 receptor (nifext 7795) | |||
| … further results | |||
