Neuron Types With Definitions

From NeuroLex

Jump to: navigation, search

For neurons organized by neurotransmitter, click here

This list is also available in CSV

Overview


A

B

C

D

E

G

H

H cont.

I

L

M

N

O

O cont.

P

R

S

T

V



Detail

Definition Neurotransmitter Synonym Located in
Amygdala basolateral nucleus pyramidal neuron Pyramidal cell basolateral amygdalar nucleus
Amygdala basolateral nucleus pyramidal neuron		 Basal amygdaloid nucleus
Amygdala corticomedial nucleus pyramidal cell Pyramidal cell corticomedial amygdalar nucleus
Amygdala corticomedial nucleus pyramidal neuron		 Cortical amygdaloid nucleus
Amygdaloid nucleus paracapsular intercalated cell GABA containing interneuron that occur in densely packed clusters located in and around the border of the basolateral amygdaloid nucleus and the external capsule. These cells are characterized by a small soma and a poorly developed short dendrite and their occurrence in tightly packed groups. Two distinct subtypes have been proposed by Marowsky et al (Neuron 48:1025, 2005) based on location and morphology. GABA Intercalated amygdaloid nuclei
Aplysia cerebral ganglion metacerebral cell Largest Serotonergic Neuron in the anterior portion of the cerebral ganglion of Aplysia. This neuron has axons that project to the buccal ganglion. Serotonin Giant Serotonergic Neuron
Metacerebral cell		 Cerebral ganglion
Basalis nucleus cholinergic neuron Large multipolar neuron (also described as polyhedral) found in the nucleus basalis of Meynert in the basal forebrain that uses acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter. Most of the dendrites are very long giving a thick network of secondary and tertiary dendritic branches in a radial three dimensional arrangement in the neuropil space. The secondary and tertiary dendritic branches are studded with long fusiform or triangular spines (Baloyannis, S. J., Costa, V., Psaroulis, V., Arzoglou, L. Papsotiriou (1994) The nucleus basalis of Meynert of the human brain: a Golgi and electron microscope study) Int J Neurosci., 78: 33-41. Acetylcholine Cholinergic nucleus basalis cell
Nucleus basalis polyhedral neuron
Cholinergic nucleus basalis neuron		 Basal nucleus
Caudate nucleus matrix medium spiny cell Striatal matrix spiny neuron that is located in the matrix compartment of the caudate nucleus GABA Matrix compartment of caudate nucleus
Cerebellum Golgi cell Large intrinsic neuron located in the granule layer of the cerebellar cortex that extends its dendrites into the molecular layer where they receive contact from parallel fibers. The axon of the Golgi cell enters ramifies densely in the granule layer and enters into a complex arrangement with mossy fiber terminals and granule cell dendrites to form the cerebellar glomerulus. Llinas, Walton and Lang. In The Synaptic Organization of the Brain. 5th ed. 2004. GABA Cerebellar Golgi neuron
Cerebellar golgi cell		 Granular layer of cerebellar cortex
Cerebellum Lugaro cell Type of neuron found in cerebellar granule cell layer characterized by a fusiform cell body with thick, horizontally oriented dendrites. Lugaro cells are located in or slightly below the Purkinje cell layer outermost edge of the granular layer. GABA Purkinje cell layer of cerebellar cortex
Granular layer of cerebellar cortex
Cerebellum Purkinje cell Principal neuron (projection neuron) of the cerebellar cortex; cell bodies arranged in a single layer; characterized by a pear-shaped cell body, 1 (rarely 2) primary dendrites and an elaborate dendritic tree heavily invested with dendritic spines. GABA Purkinje neuron
Purkinje's corpuscles
Cerebellar Purkinje neuron		 Purkinje cell layer of cerebellar cortex
Cerebellum basket cell Intrinsic cell residing in the inner third of the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. Axons extend laterally, transverse to the folium, and densely innervate the somata of Purkinje neurons. Axon collaterals of the basket cell axon form the specialized terminal plexus, the "pinceau", around the Purkinje cell axon initial segment. Llinas, Walton and Lang. In: The Synaptic Organization of the Brain. 5th ed. 2004. GABA Cerebellar basket cell Molecular layer of cerebellar cortex
Cerebellum granule cell Small, numerous neuron in the granule cell layer of the vertebrate cerebellar cortex, characterized by a very small soma and several short dendrites which terminate with claw-shaped endings. In the transmission electron microscope, these cells are characterized by a darkly stained nucleus surrounded by a thin rim of cytoplasm. The axon ascends into the molecular layer where it bifurcates to form parallel fibers which run parallel to the long axis of the folium. Llinas, Walton and Lang. Cerebellum. In The Synaptic Organization of the Brain. 5th ed. 2004. Glutamate Cerebellar granule neuron
Cerebellar granule cell		 Granular layer of cerebellar cortex
Cerebellum stellate cell Multipolar neuron found in cerebellar molecular layer. GABA Cerebellar stellate neuron
Cerebellar stellate cell		 Molecular layer of cerebellar cortex
Cerebellum unipolar brush cell A type of cell in the cerebellar cortex, first described in 1977 by Altman and Bayer, characterized by a single dendrite ending in a small brush consisting of a number of small dendrites called dendrioles. Unipolar brush cells are found in primarily in the granular cell layer and most concentrated in lobule IX, the flocculus, the nodulus and the ventromedial zone of the paraflocculus. Their somata are larger than granule cells but smaller than Golgi cells. They are known to stain for calretinin. Glutamate Unipolar brush neuron
Unipolar brush cell		 Granular layer of cerebellar cortex
Ciliary ganglion cell Acetylcholine Ciliary ganglion neuron Ciliary ganglion
Cochlea hair cell Cochlear hair cell Spiral organ of Corti
Cochlea hair cell outer Mechanoreceptor cells in the organ of Corti. In mammals the outer hair cells are arranged in three rows which are further from the modiolus than the single row of inner hair cells. The motile properties of the outer hair cells may contribute actively to tuning the sensitivity and frequency selectivity of the cochlea. (MSH) Cochlear Outer Hair Cell Spiral organ of Corti
Cochlear (dorsal) nucleus pyramidal neuron Bipolar neuron found in dorsal cochlear nucleus, whose cell bodies form a band in the pyramidal cell layer. Pyramidal cells are characterized by a spiny apical dendritic tree in the molecular layer and a smooth basal dendritic tree in the deep layer. The basal dendrites have few branches and receive inputs from the auditory nerve. The densely spiny apical dendrites are contacted by parallel fibers. fusiform cell
Dorsal cochlear nucleus pyramidal cell
Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) cartwheel cell The cell body lies in the pyramidal cell layer, and the dendrites span the molecular layer and are densely covered with spines, which are contacted by parallel fibers of the granule cells. Many features are shared with cerebellar Purkinje neurons. Cartwheel cells stain for GABA and glycine markers, and contact pyramidal, giant and other cartwheel cells through glycinergic synapses. Glycine
GABA		 Cartwheel neuron Molecular layer of dorsal cochlear nucleus
Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) gabaergic cell GABA deep cerebellar nucleus GABAergic cell
DCN Gabaergic cell
Dorsal cochlear nucleus gabaergic cell		 Cochlear nuclear complex
Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) giant cell Giant cell Cochlear nuclear complex
Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) glutamatergic cell deep cerebellar nucleus glutamatergic cell
DCN glutamatergic cell
Dorsal cochlear nucleus glutamatergic cell		 Cochlear nuclear complex
Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) granule cell Small cell found in the cochlear nucleus that resembles the cerebellar granule cell and appears to be developmentally related to it. Its axon projects to the molecular layer of the dorsal cochlear nucleus where it forms parallel fibers. Dorsal cochlear nucleus
Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) vertical cell Type of intrinsic neuron found in the deep layer of the dorsal cochlear nucleus, whose cell bodies and dendrites are intermingled among the basal dendrtici trees of pyramidal cells. Their dendrites are smooth and are flattened in the plane of the isofrequency sheet so that in a coronal section, they appear to be oriented vertically, perpendicular to the plane of the layers. They are inhibitory and use glycine as a neurotransmitter. tuberculoventral cell
vertical cell
dorsal cochlear nucleus vertical cell		 Dorsal cochlear nucleus
Cochlear nucleus (ventral) D cell D multipolar cell
Ventral cochlear nucleus multipolar D cell		 Cochlear nuclear complex
Cochlear nucleus (ventral) bushy cell Type of neuron in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus characterized by two to four primary dendrites, < 200 um in length, which branch profusely, giving the cell a "bushy" appearance. The cell somas of these neurons have been described as "spherical" in the anterior division of the AVDC and "globular" in the posterior division of the AVDC. These two subclasses are also distinguished on the basis of their connections. The principle inputs are from the auditory ganglion cells via the end bulbs of Held. Bushy neuron
Bushy cell
ventral cochlear nucleus bushy cell		 Ventral cochlear nucleus
Cochlear nucleus (ventral) multipolar T cell T multipolar cell Cochlear nuclear complex
Cochlear nucleus (ventral) multipolar cell Multipolar neuron located in the ventral cochlear nucleus with multiple long dendrites extending from the cell soma. Two subclasses (D and T) are recognzed based on their alignment with auditory nerve fibers. Both types have axon collaterals that terminate locally near the cell soma. Ventral cochlear nucleus
Cochlear nucleus (ventral) octopus cell Large neuron located in the "octopus cell containing region" of the posteior division of the ventral cochlear nucleus with an oriented dendritic tree that is shaped like an octopus. The orientation is perpendicular to auditory nerve fibers. Ventral cochlear nucleus octopus cell
octopus cell		 Ventral cochlear nucleus
Colliculus inferior intrinsic cell Colliculus inferior intrinsic neuron
inferior colliculus intrinsic cell		 Inferior colliculus
Colliculus inferior principal cell Inferior colliculus principal neuron Inferior colliculus
DRG IA cell IA ganglion cell Dorsal root ganglion
DRG IB cell IB ganglion cell Dorsal root ganglion
DRG II cell II ganglion cell Dorsal root ganglion
DRG Meissner's corpuscle cell Meissner's corpuscle cell Dorsal root ganglion
DRG Merckel disc cell Merckel disc cell Dorsal root ganglion
DRG Pacinian corpuscle cell Dorsal root ganglion
DRG hair follicle cell Hair follicle cell Dorsal root ganglion
DRG pain cell DRG pain cell Dorsal root ganglion
DRG temperature cell Temperature cell Dorsal root ganglion
Dentate gyrus HICAP cell "The Dentate gyrus HICAP cells (HIlar Commissural-Associational pathway related cells) are multipolar or triangular cells in the polymorphic layer with thin, aspiny dendrites that extend both within the hilus and within the molecular layer. the axons of these HICAP cells extend through the granule cell layer and branch profusely in the inner third of the molecular layer." GABA
Dentate gyrus HIPP cell "The Dentate gyrus HIPP cell (HIlar Perforant Path-associated cell) is an interneuron in the Hippocampal formation. It is a long-spined multipolar cell that is conspicuous of distribution of copious, long and often branched spines over its cell body and dendrites. The axonal plexus can extend as much as 3.5mm along the septotemporal axis of the dentate gyrus. Since inhibitory interneurons typically have aspiny dendrites and relatively local axonal plexuses, this long spined multipolar/HIPP cell is a very atypical interneuron". GABA Hilus of dentate gyrus
Dentate gyrus IS-I cell The IS (Interneuron-Specific) subpopulation of interneurons have axons that exclusively innervate other interneurons. The Dentate gyrus IS-I class interneurons are visualized by immunostaining for Calretinin (CR) and establish multiple symmetrical synapses on the dendrites and somata of other CR-positive IS-I cells, Calbindin (CB) containing interneurons, and VIP-positive basket cells, but they do not innervate PV-containing interneurons. The dendrites of Dentate gyrus IS I neurons appear in all layers of Dentate gyrus and more characteristic feature of these dendrites is that they form long dendrodendritic junctions with each other. GABA DG Interneuron-specific cell Dentate gyrus molecular layer
Dentate gyrus IS-II cell The IS (Interneuron-Specific) subpopulation of interneurons have axons that exclusively innervate other interneurons. The Dentate Gyrus IS-II class interneurons are visualized by immunostaining for Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP). The dendrites of Dentate gyrus IS-II cells are present in all layers of Dentate gyrus. GABA DG Interneruon-specific II cell Dentate gyrus molecular layer
Dentate gyrus IS-III cell The Dentate Gyrus MOPP cell (molecular layer perforant path-associated cell) is a interneuron in hippocampal formation. It is located deep in the DG molecular layer, has a multipolar or triangular cell body and gives rise to an axon that produces a substantial terminal plexus largely limited to the outer two thirds of the DG molecular layer. GABA Inner third of Dentate gyrus molecular layer
Dentate gyrus molecular layer
Dentate gyrus MOPP cell The Dentate Gyrus MOPP cell (molecular layer perforant path-associated cell) is a interneuron in hippocampal formation. It is located deep in the DG molecular layer, has a multipolar or triangular cell body and gives rise to an axon that produces a substantial terminal plexus largely limited to the outer two thirds of the DG molecular layer. GABA Inner third of Dentate gyrus molecular layer
Dentate gyrus molecular layer
Dentate gyrus basket cell pyramidal basket cell Deep DG stratum granulosum
DG hilar border
Dentate gyrus granule cell The dentate gyrus granule cell is the only principal cell of the dentate gyrus. Glutamate Dentate gyrus granule neuron
Granule cell of dentate gyrus
Dentate granule cell		 Dentate gyrus
Dentate gyrus hilar cell GABA Hilus of dentate gyrus
Dentate gyrus spiny CR cell The DG spiny CR cells are present mostly in regions where mossy fibers have a high density, i.e., in the hilus of the dentate gyrus and in stratum lucidum of CA3 subfield. The dendrites and somata frequently possess numerous long hair-like spines that penetrate into bundles of mossy fibers. GABA DG Spiny CR immunoreactive cell
DG Spiny CR-positive interneurons		 Hilus of dentate gyrus
Dentate gyrus trilaminar interneuron Neuron with soma in the hilar region of the dentate gyrus. The dendritic arbor orientation and axon collateral distribution of this neuron resembles most the trilaminar neuron 0f CA1 region. The axon collaterals extend logitudinally into strata radiatum, pyramidale and oriens, some axon collaterals reaching the subiculum and a main branch entering the fimbria. The dendrites of these neurons run parallel with the pyramidal cell layer. Another special feature is these cells are calbindin-positive immunoreactive neurons. GABA Hilus of dentate gyrus
CA3 alveus
CA3 stratum oriens
Border of CA3c region and hilus proper
Dorsal root ganglion cell Large cell located in the dorsal root ganglion with a single process that extends into the periphery and into the spinal cord. These neurons convey sensory information from the body. Glutamate Dorsal root ganglion neuron
Dorsal root ganglion cell		 Dorsal root ganglion
Dorsal tegmental nucleus medium cell Medium sized neuron located in the dorsal tegmental nucleus pars ventralis characterized by an oval, oblong or round shaped cell soma, an irregularly shaped oblong nucleus with one or rarely two nucleoli and an indented nuclear envelope. The somatic surface is smooth with no smatic spines. any organelles are present in the cytoplasm, including well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum forming Nissl bodies. Dorsal tegmental nucleus medium neuron Dorsal tegmental nucleus pars ventralis
Dorsal tegmental nucleus small cell Small neuron located in the pars dorsalis of the dorsal tegmental nucleus characterized by a spindle or oval shaped neuronal somata, an irregularly-shaped deeply indented nucleus with a prominent nucleolus surrounded by a small rim of cytoplasm containing mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus (not well developed) and rough endoplasmic reticulum. These cells stain lightly in Nissl preparations. No somatic spines are observed on the cell soma. Dorsal tegmental nucleus small neuron Dorsal tegmental nucleus pars dorsalis
Entorhinal cortex layer 2 stellate neuron Entorhinal cortex
Globus pallidus intrinsic cell Globus pallidus
Globus pallidus principal cell Large neuron of he globus pallidus, both internal and external segment, characterized by a large and fusiform or trangular cell soma with long, thick aspiny dendrites that may extend for over 1 mm. GABA Globus pallidus
Gracilis nucleus intrinsic cell GABA Gracile nucleus
Gracilis nucleus principle cell Glutamate Gracile nucleus
Hair cell Mechanoreceptors located in the organ of Corti that are sensitive to auditory stimuli and in the vestibular apparatus that are sensitive to movement of the head. In each case the accessory sensory structures are arranged so that appropriate stimuli cause movement of the hair-like projections (stereocilia and kinocilia) which relay the information centrally in the nervous system (MSH). Spiral organ of Corti
Hair cell inner NOTE: change the pref. label to align with naming standards - AB Spiral organ of Corti
Hair cell outer Spiral organ of Corti
Hippocampus CA1 IS-I neuron The CA1 Interneuron Specific (IS) Type I cells is one of the many IS cell types from the CA1 region. The soma is located in stratum radiatum and pyramidale with dendrites spanning most layers and the axon innervating mainly calbindin positive and other calretinin positive cells (Acsady et al. 1996b; Gulyas et al. 1996). The possible expression of VIP by these cells is not known. CA1 IS-I cell CA1 stratum radiatum
CA1 stratum pyramidale hippocampi
Hippocampus CA1 IS-II neuron The CA1 Interneuron Specific (IS) type II cell is VIP+. The soma was reported mainly in stratum radiatum and the border with lacunosum-moleculare, and the dendrites are mostly in stratum lacunosum-moleculare (Acsady et al. 1996b; Gulyas et al. 1996). The axon innervates mainly CCK/VIP positive basket cells (Acsady et al. 1996b; Gulyas et al. 1996). The possible expression of calretinin by these cells is not known. CA1 IS-II cell CA1 stratum radiatum
Hippocampus CA1 IS-III neuron CA1 Interneuron Specific (IS) type III cells are VIP+, calretinin+ and terminals mGluR7a+. The soma is located mainly in stratum pyramidale and radiatum with radial dendrites crossing most layers (Acsady et al. 1996a,b). The axon innervates mainly O-LM cells (Acsady et al. 1996a; Ferraguti et al. 2004) and terminals express high level of mGluR7a in the presynaptic active zone (Somogyi et al. 2003). CA1 IS-III cell CA1 stratum radiatum
CA1 stratum pyramidale hippocampi
Hippocampus CA1 LM(R) PP neuron CA1 lacunosum-moleculare radiatum PP neuron is a type of CA1 interneuron which is associated with perforant pathway. The cell bodies of these cells are in stratum radiatum or at the border of stratum radiatum and lacunosum-moleculare. The dendritic field reaches the alveus and covers all layers (Hajos & Mody, 1997; Vida et al. 1998). CA1 lacunosum-moleculare radiatum perforant path associated cell
CA1 LM/R PP cell
CA1 LM PP cell		 CA1 stratum radiatum
Hippocampus CA1 basket cell CA1 alveus
CA1 stratum oriens
Hippocampus CA1 ivy neuron Ivy cells are highly abundant GABAergic interneurons when compared to basket, bistratified, or axo-axonic cells. "Ivy" cells are named after their dense and fine axons innervating mostly basal and oblique pyramidal cell dendrites. They express nitric oxide synthase, neuropeptide Y, and high levels of GABAa receptor aplha1 subunit and they are also identified as slow-spiking interneurons that regulate the excitability of pyramidal cell dendrites through slowly rising and decaying GABAergic inputs. GABA CA1 ivy cell
ivy cell		 CA1 stratum pyramidale hippocampi
Hippocampus CA1 lacunosum moleculare neuron CA1 Lacunosum-Moleculare (LM) interneurons are one of the inhibitory interneuron in the CA1 area. The L-M interneurons have been described as non-fast spiking cells (Kawaguchi and Hama, 1987) with membrane properties very different from those of pyramidal cells (Williams and Lacaille, 1993). Dendrites extend in the stratum lacunosum-moleculare, radiatum, and oriens and have a very wide extension in the transverse slice (Lacaille and Schwartzkroin, 1988a). The axonal arborization seems to cover a wide area in both transverse and longitudianal directions, projecting in stratum pyramidale and sometimes in the stratum oriens (Lacaille and Schwartzkroin, 1988a). CA1 LM neuron CA1 stratum lacunosum-moleculare
Hippocampus CA1 neurogliaform cell Neurogliaform cell CA1
Hippocampus CA1 neurogliaform neuron CA1 neurogliaform neuron is a GABAergic interneuron, these cells are positive for NPY and co-express the actin-binding protein alpha-actinin-2. They are not positive for PV and VIP. Characteristically these neurons has a round cell body and short, non-spiny dendrites that were arranged in a stellate patterns around the cell body, spatially localized to the SLM, and often enter the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. The axons are branched profusely close to soma occupying greater area than dendrites, like dendrites axons also tend to occupy mainly the SLM, often traveling fairly long distances along the SLM axis and mostly even entering the neighboring molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. CA1 NG cells
NG cells		 CA1 stratum lacunosum-moleculare
Hippocampus CA1 oriens lacunosum moleculare neuron CA1 Oriens Lacunosum Moleculare (O-LM) cell is a neuron, which is characterized as a non-pyramidal cell type and interneuron that is mostly immunoreactive to GABAergic markers with the soma and dendrites mainly located in the CA1 stratum oriens and alveus, and axons extend directly to the stratum lacunosum-moleculare, ramifying there to form a dense plexus, forming symmetrical inhibitory synapses with the distal apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons while receiving excitatory input from CA1 recurrent collaterals in a disynaptic, feedback manner. GABA CA1 O-LM interneuron CA1 alveus
CA1 stratum oriens
Hippocampus CA1 pyramidal cell Pyramidal neuron with a soma located in hippocampal area CA1 Glutamate Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Neuron
CA1 pyramidal neuron		 CA1 stratum pyramidale hippocampi
Hippocampus CA1 stratum oriens neuron CA1 stratum oriens neuron is a neuron, which is characterized as an interneuron by inhibiting pyramidal cells through the activation of GABAa (Traub et al., 1987a) with soma located in CA1 stratum orines and alveus, dendrites extending into all strata (Lacaille and williams, 1990) and axons covering a wide area in the transverse direction, projecting onto basal dendrites and soma of pyramidal cells and other interneurons (Lacaille et al., 1987) in the hippocampus. vertical cells (Lacaille and williams
1990)		 CA1 stratum oriens
CA1 alveus
Hippocampus CA1 trilaminar neuron The CA1 trilaminar neuron is a neuron that is characterized by its axon densely innervating three layers stratum oriens, pyramidale and radiatum (Sik et al. 1995) projecting to subiculum and possibly to other regions, while the soma and long horizontal dendrites are in stratum oriens with strong immunoreactivity for the m2 receptor in the somato-dendritic domain and intense presynaptic mGluR8a decoration. It must also be noted that the same name has been used for various other cells with axon in at least three laminae (Hajos & Mody, 1997; Pawelzik et al. 2002). However, for this particular cell class the axons project to subiculum and possibly to other brain areas as well. CA1 trilaminar cell CA1 alveus
CA1 stratum oriens
Hippocampus CA2 basket cell broad The CA2 basket cells are the largest group of interneurons whose vertically oriented dendrites extend across all layers from stratum oriens into stratum lacunosum-moleculare and whose axons ramify extensively in stratum pyramidale. The broad basket cells have significantly broader dendritic width, and axonal arbors than that of other types of CA2 basket cells or of CA1 basket cells. GABA CA2 basket cell CA2 stratum pyramidale hippocampi
Hippocampus CA2 basket cell narrow The CA2 basket cells are the largest group of interneurons in the CA2 region whose vertically oriented dendrites extend across all layers from stratum oriens into stratum lacunosum-moleculare and whose axons ramify extensively in stratum pyramidale. The narrow basket cells are narrow and both dendrites and axons are confined to the region of origin. GABA CA2 basket cell CA2 stratum pyramidale hippocampi
Hippocampus CA2 bistratified cell broad The CA2 bistratified cells have radially oriented dendrites that resemble CA1 bistratified cells, but they extend through stratum oriens and stratum radiatum without entering stratum lacunosum-moleculare. The broad CA2 bistratified cells have dendrites that extend horizontally into all three CA subfields. GABA CA2 bistratified cell CA2 stratum pyramidale hippocampi
Hippocampus CA2 bistratified cell narrow A type of neuron found in hippocampal area CA2 characterized by radially oriented dendrites that resemble CA1 bistratified cells, but they extend through stratum oriens and stratum radiatum without entering stratum lacunosum-moleculare. The narrow CA2 bistratified cell dendrites and axons are more confined within the CA2 region. GABA CA2 bistratified cell CA2 stratum pyramidale hippocampi
Hippocampus CA2 pyramidal neuron CA2 pyramidal cells are the primary excitatory cells of CA2 region of the hippocampus. These cells have shorter dendrites when compared to CA1 pyramidal cells. The axons arbors into stratum radiatum, as well as into stratum oriens of CA1, CA2 and CA3 regions. The CA2 pyramids are innervated by schaffer collaterals in stratum oriens and stratum radiatum and by input from entorhinal cortex in stratum lacunosum moleculare. Glutamate CA2 pyramidal cell CA2 stratum pyramidale hippocampi
Hippocampus CA3 IS-I cell CA3 Interneuron Specific (IS) cells constitute IS-I, IS-II and IS-III based on their connectivity and neurochemical characteristics. IS-I neurons are visualized for CR and occur in all subfields of hippocampus and dentate gyrus. The CA3 IS-I cells has soma located in strata radiatum, oriens and pyramidale. The dendritic tree arborizes extensively in stratum radiatum but may also invade other layers. The characteristic feature of these dendrites is that they from long dendrodendritic junctions with each other. The main axons ramify in stratum radiatum, where they emit several collaterals that course in all directions. GABA CA3 Interneuron-specific I cell CA3 alveus
CA3 stratum oriens
CA3 stratum radiatum
CA3 stratum pyramidale hippocampi
Hippocampus CA3 IS-II cell The CA3 IS-II cell type is visualized by immunostaining for VIP. IS-II neurons are characterized in hippocampus alone, where their somata are found in stratum radiatum. The dendritic tree consists of a tuft of smooth or sparsely spiny dendrites restricted to stratum lacunosum-moleculare, where they profusely arborize. The axon descends toward stratum pyramidale, thus forming weeping willowlike arbor. GABA CA3 interneuron-specific II cell CA3 stratum radiatum
Hippocampus CA3 axo-axonic cell CA3 Chandelier cells of the hippocampus are very similar to those in the dentate gyrus. The cell bodies are located within or immediately adjacent to the pyramidal cell layer and possess radially oriented dendrites spanning all layers. According to the distribution of the dendritic tree, chandelier cells are in a position to receive excitatory input from all major sources of afferents in both the CA1 and CA3 subfields. GABA CA3 chandelier cell CA3 stratum pyramidale hippocampi
Hippocampus CA3 basket cell The CA3 basket cell is an interneuron located in hippocampus area CA3 characterized by a triangular or fusiform soma, with one to three dendrites extending from the cell soma. One of the three dendrites originate from the apical pole of soma, which then branch profusely, ascend through stratum radiatum, and often penetrate stratum lacunosum-moelculare. Primary basal dendrites are more numerous. They also branch close to soma and fan out toward the alveus, spanning the entire depth of stratum oriens. GABA CA3 pyramidal basket cell CA3 stratum pyramidale hippocampi
Hippocampus CA3 lacunosum moleculare neuron The CA3 Lacunosum Moleculare (LM) neurons are interneurons with somata in stratum lacunosum-moleculare that receive converging stimulation from the DG and entorhinal cortex as well as from within CA3. These LM neurons have dendrites that are oriented horizontally within the layer but occasionally have branches that extend into the pyramidal cell layer. The axon also takes a predominantly horizontal orientation and ramifies mainly in the stratum lacunosum-moleculare or superficial layer portion of the stratum radiatum. GABA CA3 LM interneurons CA3 stratum lacunosum moleculare
Hippocampus CA3 oriens interneuron The CA3 stratum oriens interneuron is a fast spiking interneuron in hippocampal area CA3 with a main dendrite arborization extending in the stratum oriens and a widespread axonal arborization in all strata (Kawaguchi et al., 1987). The vast majority of dendritic processes were confined to the same layers as the cell bodies (Kantona et al., 1999). GABA CA3 SO interneuron
CA3 SO neuron		 CA3 alveus/oriens
Hippocampus CA3 oriens lacunosum moleculare neuron OLM cells (oriens/lacunosum-moleculare associated cell) has as its defining feature a dense axonal arbor that is confined to the stratum lacunosum-moleculare (also known as cells terminating in conjunction with entorhinal afferents). In principle the cell body and dendritic trees are located in the zones occupied by recurrent pyramidal cell collaterals. In CA3 this includes all strata except the stratum oriens. GABA OLM cell CA3 stratum oriens
CA3 alveus
Hippocampus CA3 pyramidal cell Hippocampal CA3 Pyramidal Neuron
CA3 pyramidal neuron		 CA3 stratum pyramidale hippocampi
Hippocampus CA3 radiatum neuron The CA3 Radiatum (R) neurons are interneurons with somata in stratum radiatum which receives converging stimulation from the DG and entorhinal cortex as well as from within CA3. The dendritic tree of R interneurons typically extend between the dorsal blade of the dentate gyrus and the stratum pyramidale of CA3. The axonal branches often extend beyond their layer of somatic residence into stratum lacunosum-moleculare or stratum pyramidale. GABA CA3 R interneuron CA3 stratum radiatum
Hippocampus CA3 spiny CR cell The CA3 spiny CR cell is an interneuron in Hippocampus that is present mostly in regions where mossy fibers have a high density, i.e., in the hilus of the dentate gyrus and in stratum lucidum of CA3 subfield. The dendrites and somata frequently possess numerous long hair-like spines that penetrate into bundles of mossy fibers. GABA CA3 Spiny CR immunoreactive cell
CA3 Spiny CR-positive interneurons		 CA3 stratum lucidum
Hypoglossal nucleus GABA neuron Neuron in hypoglossal nucleus characterized by a small spindle shaped or fusiform soma GABA hypoglossal GABA neuron Hypoglossal nucleus
Hypoglossal nucleus motor neuron Motor neuron whose soma lies in the hypoglossal nucleus Acetylcholine hypoglossal motor neuron
hypoglossal nucleus motoneuron
hypoglossal motoneuron		 Hypoglossal nucleus
Islet of Calleja dwarf neuron Islands of Calleja
Locus coeruleus NA neuron Norepinephrine Locus coeruleus noradrenergic neuron
Macula hair cell Macula
Magnocellular neurosecretory cell Hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory cell
Hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory neuron
Magnocellular secretory neuron		 Paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus
Neocortex Cajal-Retzius cell Neurons of the human embryonic marginal zone which display, as a salient feature, radial ascending processes that contact the pial surface, and a horizontal axon plexus located in the deep marginal zone. These cells were first described by Retzius (Retzius, 1893, 1894) (see the cell labelled 'Retzius, 1893' in Fig. 1). There is consensus that homologous elements are present in the non-primate neocortex, where their morphology is much simpler, as initially described in 1891 by Cajal (Fig. 2) (Cajal, 1891). \\nThe definition of these cells has remained somewhat confusing, in part because Cajal and Retzius studied different species and different developmental stages, and also because their original publications have not been generally available. Meyer et al (1999)prefer to define 'Cajal\\u2013Retzius cells' loosely, as the family of Reln-immunoreactive (ir) neurons in the marginal zone, and reserve the term of pioneer neurons for the early, Reln-negative preplate derivatives that settle in the MZ and project to sub-cortical levels. Adapted from Meyer et al. (1999) Cajal-Retzius Cell Human embryonic marginal zone
Neocortex Martinotti cell Martinotti cell Neocortex
Neocortex basket cell cortical basket cell
basket cell
cortical basket neuron
Neocortical basket cell		 Neocortex
Neocortex bipolar cell Bipolar dendrite cell Neocortex
Neocortex bipolar neuron Type of VIP containing neuron found in the visiual cortex. Cortical bipolar cell Neocortex
Neocortex bouquet double cell Type of inhibitory cortical interneuron that provides inhibitory innervation of pyramidal neurons. Most commonly described in primates; may be absent in rodent (DeFelipe et al., 2001). Double Bouquet Cell Neocortex
Neocortex candelabrum cell candelabrum neuron
candelabrum cell		 Neocortex
Neocortex chandelier cell Type of cortical interneuron characterized by a bitufted appearance, with groups of dendrites extending from the upper and lower poles of an elongate cell body, but some cells have a more multipolar configuration. Cortical chandelier cell
Chandelier cell		 Neocortex
Neocortex chandelier-type cell Chendelier-type cell Neocortex
Neocortex chestnut cell Type of intrinsic neuron located in the granule cell layer of the cochlear nucleus, characterized by a small (~10 um) cell body and 1-2 stubby dendrites emerging from one side of the soma, ending in a terminal tuft. Finger-like projections emerge from both the dendritic tuft and the soma. The cell gets its name from the irregular surface of the cell soma, characterized by numerous scallops, blebs and other protrusions, giving it the appearance of a chestnut. At the ultrastructural level, the cell body and proximal dendrites are rich in Golgi apparatus, rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes with a large, centrally located pale nucleus with a smooth nuclear membrane. Although it resembles the unipolar brush cell in some respects, it is differentiated by the gradual tapering of the primary dendrites in the transition from the cell soma and the fact that every protuberance of the dendrite is "prominantly synaptic" according to Weedman et al. (1996). It is a target of mossy fiber synapses. Chestnut neuron
Chestnut cell		 Granular cell layer of dorsal cochlear nucleus
Granular cell layer of ventral cochlear nucleus
Neocortex interneuron deep Deep interneuron Neocortex
Neocortex layer 4 stellate cell Cortical stellate cell
cortical stellate neuron
cortical spiny stellate cell		 Neocortex layer 4
Neocortex polymorphic cell layer 5-6 polymorphic cell
Layer 5-6 polymorphic cell
Neocortex polymorphic neuron layer 5-6		 Neocortex
Neocortex pyramidal basket cell pyramidal basket cell
Neocortex pyramidal cell Pyramidal neuron of the cerebral cortex (not including hippocampus or olfactory cortex). The pyramidal cell of the neocortex is located in layers 2-3 and 5-6, has a pyramidal-shaped cell body which gives off a number of laterally-directed basal dendrites and usually a single apical dendrite which ascends to branch and terminate in layer 1; these dendrites are covered in dendritic spines. Glutamate Neocortical pyramidal cell
Neocortical pyramidal neuron
Cortical pyramidal neuron
neocortex pyramidal neuron		 Neocortex
Neocortex pyramidal cell layer 2-3 corticocortical cell
superficial pyramidal cell
Neocortex pyramidal neuron layer 2-3
Layer 2-3 pyramidal cell
Neocortical pyramidal neuron: superficial		 Neocortex
Neocortex pyramidal cell layer 5-6 The pyramidal cell of layer 5 of the neocortex has a pyramidal-shaped cell body which gives off a number of laterally-directed basal dendrites and usually a single apical dendrite which ascends to branch and terminate in layer 1; these dendrites are covered in dendritic spines. The axon descends through the internal capsule, giving off collaterals to the thalamus, to the medullary pyramids, where most of the axons cross controlaterally to descend and innervate the ventral horn of the spinal cord. Glutamate deep pyramidal cell
Neocortex pyramidal neuron layer 5-6
Layer 5-6 pyramidal cell		 Neocortex layer 5
Neocortex stellate cell cortical stellate cell
layer 4 stellate cell
stellate cell cortical		 Neocortex
Neocortex stellate smooth cell A non-pyramidal neuron class found primarily in layer IV of mammalian neocortex characterized by relatively smooth dendrites (While and Rock, 1980). Cortical Smooth Stellate Cell Neocortex layer 4
Neocortex stellate spiny cell A non-pyramidal neuron class found primarily in layer IV of mammalian neocortex characterized by a high density of dendritic spines (While and Rock, 1980). Cortical Spiny Stellate Cell Neocortex layer 4
Neostriatum GABA interneuron A type of interneuron located in the striatum that stain intensely for GABAergic markers and for parvalbumin. The cells are medium sized with round somata and smooth, sometimes varicose dendrites. THe axonal arborization banches extensively and often forms baskets on the somata of the spiny neurons. Intracellular staining studies suggest that these cells may be divided into two subgroups epending on whether their dendrites and axons ramify within 100-150 um of the soma or are more extended (up to 300 um) Adapted from Shepherd, G. M. The synaptic organization of the brain, 5th ed, New York: Oxford University Press. GABA GABA/parvalbumin striatal interneuron
Gaba/parvalbumin interneuron
neo striatum GABA interneuron
neo striatum parvalbumin interneuron		 Striatum
Neostriatum SOM/NOS cell GABA striatal SOM/NOS interneuron
SOM/NOS interneuron
neostriatum SOM/NOS interneuron
somatostatin/nitric oxide synthase interneuron		 Striatum
Neostriatum cholinergic cell Large cholinergic interneuron in the caudate nucleus and putamen Acetylcholine Giant cholinergic interneuron
Striatal cholinergic interneuron
large striatal aspiny neuron
cholinergic striatal neuron
Neostriatum cholinergic interneuron
Neostriatum giant cell of Kolliker
Neostriatal cholinergic interneuron
Aspiny type 1 neuron		 Striatum
Neostriatum gaba/parvalbumin interneuron A type of interneuron located in the striatum that stain intensely for GABAergic markers and for parvalbumin. The cells are medium sized with round somata and smooth, sometimes varicose dendrites. THe axonal arborization banches extensively and often forms baskets on the somata of the spiny neurons. Intracellular staining studies suggest that these cells may be divided into two subgroups epending on whether their dendrites and axons ramify within 100-150 um of the soma or are more extended (up to 300 um) Adapted from Shepherd, G. M. The synaptic organization of the brain, 5th ed, New York: Oxford University Press. GABA GABA/parvalbumin striatal interneuron Striatum
Neostriatum medium spiny neuron GABA Medium spiny neuron
Neostriatal spiny neuron
Medium-sized spiny neuron
Striatal spiny neuron		 Striatum
Neostriatum parvalbumin interneuron A type of interneuron located in the striatum that stain intensely for GABAergic markers and for parvalbumin. The cells are medium sized with round somata and smooth, sometimes varicose dendrites. THe axonal arborization banches extensively and often forms baskets on the somata of the spiny neurons. Intracellular staining studies suggest that these cells may be divided into two subgroups epending on whether their dendrites and axons ramify within 100-150 um of the soma or are more extended (up to 300 um) GABA GABA/parvalbumin striatal interneuron Striatum
Nucleus of the Solitary Tract principle cell Solitary nucleus
Olfactory bulb (accessory) glomerular layer cell Small intrinsic neuron in the glomerular layer of the accessory olfactory bulb, with cell bodies surrounding the olfactory glomerulus. Equivalent to the periglomerular cell of the main olfactory bulb, but the glomeruli are less clearly differentiated. The cell body is 6-8 um in diameter, from which arises a short bushy dendrite that arborizes within a glomerulus, where it receives synaptic input from olfactory receptor cell axon terminals, and engages in dendrodendritic interactions with mitral/tufted cell dendrites. The axon distributes laterally within the extraglomerular region. GABA? DA? Glomerular layer cell
periglomerular cell		 Glomerular layer
Olfactory bulb (accessory) granule cell The main intrinsic neuron in the accessory olfactory bulb in the mammalian central nervous system. It resembles the granule cell in the main olfactory bulb, including the lack of an axon. Each cell gives rise to short central dendrites and a single long apical dendrite that traverses the granule cell layer, pierces the mitral cell body layer, and branches and terminates within the external plexiform layer among the lateral dendrites of mitral and tufted cells. The dendrites receive synaptic input from mitral and tufted cell dendrites, and have synaptic outputs to those dendrites through reciprocal dendrodendritic synapses. GABA Accessory olfactory bulb granule neuron
Accessory olfactory bulb granule cell		 Granule cell layer and within the mitral cell body layer.
Olfactory bulb (accessory) mitral cell A principal neuron of the mammalian accessory olfactory bulb. Resembles the mitral cell of the main olfactory bulb, though somewhat smaller and less clearly differentiated. The cell bodies are arranged in a thin layer between the granule cell layer and the external plexiform layer. Each mitral cell is characterized by one (occasionally several) primary dendrite that traverses the external plexiform layer and terminates within an olfactory glomerulus in a tuft of branches where it receives input from the axons of sensory cells of the vomeronasal organ. Glutamate Mitral cell of the accessory olfactory bulb
accessory olfactory bulb mitral cell		 Olfactory bulb (accessory)
Mitral cell body layer
Olfactory bulb (main) Blanes cell Large, stellate-shaped short-axon cell in the granule cell layer of the main olfactory bulb. GABA Blanes Cell
Olfactory bulb (main) deep short axon cell
short axon cell		 Granule cell layer of main olfactory bulb
Olfactory bulb (main) granule cell The main intrinsic neuron in the vertebrate olfactory bulb. It lacks an axon. Each cell gives rise to short central dendrites and a single long apical dendrite that traverses the granule cell layer, pierces the mitral cell body layer, and branches and terminates within the external plexiform layer among the lateral dendrites of mitral and tufted cells. The dendrites receive synaptic input from mitral and tufted cell lateral dendrites, and have synaptic outputs on those dendrites through reciprocal dendrodendritic synapses. GABA Granule cell of olfactory bulb
Olfactory granule neuron		 Granule cell layer and within the mitral cell body layer.
Olfactory bulb (main) mitral cell Principal neuron located in the olfactory bulb in the mammalian central nervous system. The cell bodies are arranged in a thin layer between the granule cell layer and the external plexiform layer. Each mitral cell is usually characterized in the mammal by a single primary dendrite that traverses the external plexiform layer and terminates within an olfactory glomerulus in a tuft of branches which receives input from the axons of olfactory receptor neurons. Axons of the mitral cells project to a number of areas in the brain, including the piriform cortex, entorhinal cortex, olfactory tubercle, and amygdala. Glutamate Mitral neuron
Mitral cell		 Olfactory bulb
Mitral cell body layer
Olfactory bulb (main) periglomerular cell Small intrinsic neuron in the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb, with cell bodies surrounding the olfactory glomerulus. The cell body is 6-8 um in diameter, from which arises a short bushy dendrite that arborizes within a glomerulus, where it receives synaptic input from olfactory receptor cell axon terminals, and engages in dendrodendritic interactions with mitral/tufted cell dendrites. Occasionally, bitufted PG cells connected to two glomeruli are seen. The axon distributes laterally within the extraglomerular region, extending as far as 5-10 glomeruli away. Some PG cells appear to lack axons. Subtypes may be identified based on their biochemical constituents. GABA
Dopamine		 Periglomerular neuron
Olfactory bulb periglomerular cell		 Olfactory glomerular layer
Olfactory bulb (main) tufted cell (middle) A principal neuron of the olfactory bulb. Located in the outer third of the external plexiform layer. Each tufted cell is characterized by usually a single short primary dendrite that traverses the outer external plexiform layer and terminates within an olfactory glomerulus in a tuft of branches, where it receives the input from olfactory receptor neuron axon terminals. Differentiated from external tufted cells. Axons of the tufted cells transfer information to a number of areas in the brain, including the piriform cortex, entorhinal cortex, olfactory tubercle, and amygdala. Glutamate Olfactory bulb (main) tufted cell (middle) Outer part of external plexiform layer
Olfactory bulb main tufted cell external Subtype of tufted cell found within the deeper part of the glomerular layer. The pear-shaped cell body gives rise to a single sparsely spinous dendrite which branches profusely within a glomerulus. Basal dendrites are sometimes seen within the glomerular and superficial external plexiform layers. A majority of cells gives rise to an axon, which branches mainly within the superficial EPL. Cholecystokinin external tufted cell
olfactory bulb external tufted cell
external tufted neuron		 Deeper half of glomerular layer in extraglomerular neuropil
Olfactory cortex horizontal cell Large horizontally-elongated cell in layer I with smooth dendrites branching in layer Ia. GABA Horizontal cell (olfactory)
olfactory horizontal cell		 Piriform cortex layer I
Olfactory cortex large multipolar cell A type of inhibitory intrinsic neuron found in the deep part of layer III of the olfactory cortex and the subjacent endopiriform nucleus. Several subpopulations of deep multipolar cells may be distinguished based on morphology, spiny/spsrsely spiny/aspiny, axon targets, and physiology. One subtype appears to be a basket cell targeted for pyramidal cell somata. GABA Olfactory cortex large multipolar neuron Olfactory cortex
Olfactory cortex pyramidal cell A cell with the classic pyramidal-shaped cell body and apical and basal dendritic trees, with cell body in layer III of the piriform (olfactory) cortex. Its axon arises from the deeper aspect of the cell body and gives rise to local collaterals which terminate within the layer III on local intrinsic cells, and also recur to layer III and II where they form association fibers that connect to the apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons and continue to become centrifugal fibers to the olfactory bulb. Glutamate Small pyramidal neuron
Olfactory cortex pyramidal neuron		 Olfactory cortex layer III
Olfactory cortex semilunar cell Projection neuron whose cell body is in the form of a half-moon. It is found in the superficial border of layer II of piriform cortex similar in characteristics to a pyramidal cell and also resembling the granule cell of the dentate gyrus. It has multiple apical but no basilar dendrites. It projects to other cortical areas but, in contrast to pyramidal cells, it does not project back to the olfactory bulb. Glutamate semilunar cell
semilunar neuron		 Superficial border of layer II
Olfactory cortex small globular cell A small stellate cell with globular soma found in all layers of the piriform cortex. This cell is not clearly described in Neville and Haberly. GABA Olfactory cortex
Olfactory epithelium (main) sensory cell This is the sensory neuron of the main olfactory epithelium in the nasal cavity that transduces odor molecules into receptor potentials, which give rise to the impulse trains that are sent further in the olfactory system.. It is a small bipolar cell in the pseudostratified olfactory epithelium, with cell body 8-15 um diameter giving rise to a single dendrite ending in a knob at the epithelial surface, from which arise several sensory cilia. A single unmyelinated axon descends through the basal lamina and turns to project to the glomeruli of the olfactory bulb. Glutamate olfactory receptor cell
olfactory sensory neuron		 Middle layer
Olfactory epithelium main supporting cell sustentacular cell
supporting cell
sustentacular main olfactory epithelium supporting cell		 Olfactory epithelium
Olfactory tubercle Islets of Calleja DA cell Islands of Calleja dopamine cell
Islets of Calleja dopamine cell
Olfactory tubercle Islets of Calleja DA neuron		 Olfactory bulb
Olfactory tubercle Islets of Calleja GABA cell GABA Islands of Calleja Gaba interneuron
Islets of Calleja Gaba interneuron
Olfactory tubercle Islets of Calleja GABA interneuron		 Olfactory tubercle
Olfactory tubercle islets of Calleja granule neuron Neuron located in the granule cell clusters in the olfactory tubercle characterized by a small soma with one to two small sparsely spiny varicose dendrites. The axon has not been observed to exit the clusters in Golgi preparations. Ultrastructurally, it is characterized by scant cytoplasm and a round nucleus (Meyer et al., 1989) Island of Calleja granule neuron
Island of Calleja granule cell		 Islands of Calleja
Olfactory tubercle islets of Calleja large Type 2 hilar cell Type of large hilar neuron located in the hilar region of the granule cell clusters (Islands of Calleja) or the olfactory tubercle that can be differentiated morphologically from other types of hilar neurons: it has several primary dendrites that branch relatively close to the soma but without forming bushlike or other special dendritic complexes; the dendrites do not go along the border of the granule cell clusters but approach them at right angles; the axon also arises from the cell soma (Millhouse, 1987). Islands of Calleja
Olfactory tubercle islets of Calleja large hilar cell Large neuron associated with the hilar region of the granule cell clusters (Islands of Calleja) in the olfactory tubercle in the hilar region . It has two thick primary dendrites, 40-90 um long, that branch near the periphery of the granule cell cluster with several dendritic branches coming off of the main shaft close together in a bushlike manner (Millhouse, 1987). Olfactory tubercle large hilar neuron Islands of Calleja
Olfactory tubercle islets of Calleja spiny granule neuron Granule cell found in the granule cell clusters (Islands of Calleja) in the olfactory tubercle characterized by a high density of dendritic spines (Millhouse, 1987) Island of Calleja spiny granule neuron Islands of Calleja
Oxytocin producing magnocellular neurosecretory cell Oxytocin
Putamen matrix medium spiny cell Striatum matrix medium spiny cell located in the matrix compartment of the putamen Matrix compartment of putamen
Retina amacrine cell Amacrine Neuron
Amacrine cell		 Retina
Retina amacrine cell displaced Displaced amacrine cell Retina
Retina amacrine cell starburst Starburst amacrine cell Retina
Retina bipolar cell Retinal Bipolar Neuron
retinal bipolar cell		 Retina
Retina bipolar cell midget Midget cell Retina
Retina bipolar cell off Off cell Retina
Retina bipolar cell on On cell Retina
Retina bipolar cell parasol Parasol cell Retina
Retina ganglion cell Glutamate Retinal Ganglion Neuron
Retinal ganglion cell		 Retina
Retina ganglion cell medium complex Medium complex ganglion cell Retina
Retina ganglion cell medium simple Medium simple ganglion cell Retina
Retina ganglion cell small complex Small complex ganglion cell Retina
Retina ganglion cell small simple Small simple ganglion cell Retina
Retina horizontal cell horizontal cell (retina) Retina
Retina interplexiform cell Interplexiform amacrine cell Retina
Retina photoreceptor cone L
Retina photoreceptor cone M M-cone cell Retina
Retina photoreceptor cone S
Retina photoreceptor rod
Retina stellate cell aspiny Aspiny cortical stellate neuron
aspiny cortical stellate cell		 Retina
Scarpa's ganglion cell (vestibular nerve) 8th nerve ganglion neuron Vestibular ganglion
Solitary tract nucleus intrinsic cell Nucleus of the solitary tract
Spinal cord intermediate horn motor neuron sympathetic Acetylcholine Sympathetic motor neuron
preganglionic sympathetic neuron		 Spinal cord
Spinal cord motor neuron parasympathetic Spinal cord parasympathetic motor neuron located in the sacral spinal cord Acetylcholine Sacral spinal cord
Spinal cord proprioception intersegmental cell
Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron FRA FFA interneuron
Flexor reflex afferent interneuron		 Spinal cord ventral horn
Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron IA Spinal Ia interneuron
Spinal interneuron IA		 Spinal cord ventral horn
Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron IB IB Interneuron Spinal cord ventral horn
Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron II Spinal cord ventral horn
Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron Renshaw Renshaw cell Spinal cord ventral horn
Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron V0 V0 interneuron
Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron V0C Spinal cord ventral horn V0 interneuron that expresses Pitx2 and use acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter Acetylcholine V0c interneuron
spinal cord V0c interneuron		 Spinal cord
Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron V0G Spinal cord ventral horn V0 interneuron that expresses Pitx2 and vGlut2 Glutamate V0G interneuron
spinal cord V0G interneuron		 Spinal cord
Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron V1 V1 interneuron
Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron V2 Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron derived from an Lhx3+ progenitor cell V2 interneuron Spinal cord ventral horn
Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron V2a V2 spinal cord ventral horn interneuron characterized by Chx10+ Glutamate V2a neuron
V2a interneuron
Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron V2b Type of V2 spinal cord ventral horn interneuron chacterized by GATA2/3 Spinal cord ventral horn
Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron V3 Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron derived from the Nkx2.2 p3 progenitor cell domain (Stepian and Arber, Neuron 60:1, 2008) Glutamate V3 interneuron Spinal cord ventral horn
Spinal cord ventral horn motor neuron Large, multipolar neuron found in the ventral horn of the spinal cord that innervates muscle. Acetylcholine motoneuron
motoneurone
Spinal motor neuron		 Spinal cord ventral horn
Spinal cord ventral horn motor neuron alpha large lower motor neurons of the brainstem and spinal cord. They innervate extrafusal muscle fibers of skeletal muscle and are directly responsible for initiating their contraction. Alpha motor neurons are distinct from gamma motor neurons, which innervate intrafusal muscle fibers of muscle spindles. alpha motoneuron
lower motor neuron
alpha motor neuron		 Spinal cord ventral horn
Spinal cord ventral horn motor neuron beta Acetylcholine Beta motor neuron
Spinal cord ventral horn motor neuron gamma Motor neurons which activate the contractile regions of intrafusal muscle fibers, thus adjusting the sensitivity of the muscle spindles to stretch. Gamma motor neurons may be "static" or "dynamic" according to which aspect of responsiveness (or which fiber types) they regulate. The alpha and gamma motor neurons are often activated together (alpha gamma coactivation) which allows the spindles to contribute to the control of movement trajectories despite changes in muscle length (MSH). Acetylcholine fusimotor neuron
Gamma motor neuron		 Spinal cord ventral horn
Spinocerebellar tract cell Dorsal spinocerebellar tract cell Spinocerebellar tract
Striatum matrix medium spiny cell Striatal medium spiny cell that is located in the striatal matrix compartment GABA Striatal matrix medium spiny cell Striatal matrix compartment
Subiculum pyramidal cell Pyramidal neuron whose cell body is located in the subiculum Subiculum pyramidal neuron Subiculum
Substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic cell Principal neuron of the substantia nigra pars compacta Dopamine substantia nigra dopaminergic cell
Nigral dopaminergic cell		 Substantia nigra pars compacta
Substantia nigra pars reticulata interneuron GABA GABA substantia nigra pars reticulata GABA interneuron
Substantia nigra pars reticulata GABA neuron
Pars reticulata Gaba interneuron		 Substantia nigra pars reticulata
Substantia nigra pars reticulata principal cell GABA Substantia nigra pars reticulata principal neuron Substantia nigra pars reticulata
Taste bud type 1 cell
Taste bud type 2 cell
Thalamic reticular nucleus cell GABA thalamic reticular cell
Thalamic reticular nucleus neuron
Thalamic reticular neuron		 Thalamic reticular nucleus
Thalamus interneuron large Large interneuron thalamic Thalamus
Thalamus interneuron small GABA Small interneuron thalamic
small thalamic interneuron		 Thalamus
Thalamus relay cell Glutamate Relay cell
Thalamic relay neuron
Thalamus relay neuron
Thalamocortical cell
Thalamocortical neuron		 Thalamus
Trapezoid body intrinsic cell Trapezoid body intrinsic neuron Trapezoid body
Trapezoid body medial nucleus principal cell Properties derived from Gersdorff and Borst (2002). Principal Cells Medial Nucleus Trapezoid Body
Trapezoid body medial nucleus principal neuron		 Trapezoid body
Trapezoid body principal cell Trapezoid body principal neuron Trapezoid body
Trigeminal nucleus intrinsic cell Trigeminal nucleus intrinsic neuron Trigeminal nucleus
Trigeminal nucleus principal cell Trigeminal nucleus
Tritonia dorsal swim interneuron One of three serotonergic neurons on the dorsal surface of the Tritonia cerebral ganglion. Projects an axon contralaterally to the pedal ganglion. Fire stereotypical bursts of action potentials during a swim motor pattern. Serotonin Cerebral Serotonergic Posterior Neuron
Dorsal swim interneuron		 Cerebral ganglion
Tubermammillary nucleus large histamine neuron Large neuron in the tubermammillary nucleus that contains histamine and projects widely to the cerebral cortex characterized ultrastructurally by their large size, large spherical nucleus rarely indented, relatively large amounts of cytoplasm including well-developed perinuclearly organized golgi apparatus, numerous small mitochondria, clusters of small cisterns of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, the large emission cones of primary dendrites and by the partial wrapping by astroglia. Histamine
GABA		 Tubermammillary histaminergic neuron Tuberomammillary nucleus
Tubermammillary nucleus medium histamine neuron
Vasopressin producing magnocellular neurosecretory cell Vasopressin
Ventral tegmental area dopamine neuron Dopamine Ventral tegmental area DA cell Ventral tegmental area
Vestibular ganglion cell Glutamate Vestibular ganglion neuron
Scarpa's ganglion cell		 Vestibular ganglion
Vestibular hair cell A mechanoreceptor cell located in the acoustic maculae and the semicircular canals that mediates the sense of balance, movement, and head position. The vestibular hair cells are connected to accessory structures in such a way that movements of the head displace their stereocilia. This influences the membrane potential of the cells which relay information about movements via the vestibular part of the vestibulocochlear nerve to the brain stem. Acoustic maculae
Semicircular canals
Retrieved from "http://neurolex.org/wiki/Neuron_Types_With_Definitions"
We are currently upgrading the wiki. If you encounter any bugs or missing data please contact alarson@gmail.com. The old wiki is still availible at neurolex.org/old_wiki/.
Personal tools