Property:Definition
From NeuroLex
Annotation property
Definition: A human readable definition, preferably in the form "A is a type of B which has C", where A is the concept being defined, B is the super category and C are the properties defined for the category.
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Pages using the property "Definition"
Showing 25 pages using this property.
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| 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane + | Organic Compound;Pesticide;Organochloride;Organobromide; 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane is a manufactured chemical and the active ingredient in the nematicide Nemagon, also known as Fumazone. |
| 1,2-Dibromoethane + | Organic Compound;Pesticide;Gasoline Additi … Organic Compound;Pesticide;Gasoline Additive/Component;Organochloride; 1,2-Dibromoethane is a mainly synthetic chemical that also occurs in small amounts naturally in the ocean. It was once widely used as an additive in leaded gasoline and a pesticide, however, today it's use is restricted to only certain pesticides and dye preparations. y certain pesticides and dye preparations. |
| 1-120 Truncated Alpha-Synuclein Drosophila + | This transgenic drosophila expresses a for … This transgenic drosophila expresses a form of alpha-synuclein that is a C-terminally truncated fragment comprising amino acids 1-120. This form of alpha-synuclein has an enhanced ability to aggregate and thus enhanced neurotoxicity. This mutant is used in research to determine the role of alpha-synuclein aggregation in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinsons. degenerative diseases, such as Parkinsons. |
| 1-D extent + | A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its extension in one dimension. |
| 1J + | This line is transgenic for the 5' end of … This line is transgenic for the 5' end of the human HD gene carrying (CAG)115-(CAG)150 repeat expansions. The transgene is ubiquitously expressed. Transgenic mice exhibit a progressive neurological phenotype that mimics many of the features of HD, including choreiform-like movements, involuntary stereotypic movements, tremor, and epileptic seizures, as well as nonmovement disorder components, including unusual vocalization. They urinate frequently and exhibit loss of body weight and muscle bulk through the course of the disease. Neurologically they develop Neuronal Intranuclear Inclusions (NII) which contain both the huntingtin and ubiquitin proteins. Previously unknown, these NII have subsequently been identified in human HD patients. The age of onset of HD symptoms is reported to occur between nine and 11 weeks. Commonly known as the "R6/2" strain.\n\nTransgenic mice develop hyperglycemia by 12 weeks of age with a corresponding decrease in insulin levels. Pancreatic beta cells develop huntingtin inclusions as early as seven weeks of age, by 12 weeks more than 95% of beta cells have inclusions. Pancreatic alpha and delta cells also exhibit some inclusions (24% and 6% of cells, respectively) by 12 weeks. Pancreatic islets become hypotonic and beta cells are dramatically reduced in number by 12 weeks. Beta cells contain very few insulin secretory vesicles. (Bjorkquvist M et al. 2005) tory vesicles. (Bjorkquvist M et al. 2005) |
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| 2-D extent + | A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its extension in two dimensions. |
| 2-D shape + | A shape that inheres in a 2 dimensional entity, such as a cross section or projection of a 3 dimensional entity. |
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| 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine + | Organic Compound;Industrial Precursor/Intermediate;Aromatic Hydrocarbon;Amine;Organochloride; 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine is a manufactured chemical used in pigments for printing inks, textiles, plastics and enamels, paint, leather, and rubber. |
| 3-D extent + | A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its extension in three dimensions. |
| 3-Methylthiofentanyl + | 3-Methyl-thiofentanyl is an opioid analgesic that is an analogue of fentanyl. Pharmacology: Not Available Mechanism of action: Not Available Drug type: Experimental. Illicit. Small Molecule. Drug category: Analgesics, Opioid |
| 3D spatial image + | An image that has an x, y and z dimension |
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| 5-HT Receptor + | any receptor that binds serotonin. |
| 5-Methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine + | 5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (5-MeO … 5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-DIPT) is a tryptamine derivative and shares many similarities with schedule I tryptamine hallucinogens such as alpha-ethyltryptamine, N,N-dimethyltryptamine, N,N-diethyltryptamine, bufotenine, psilocybin and psilocin. Since 1999, there has been a growing popularity of 5-MeO-DIPT among drug abusers. This substance is abused for its hallucinogenic effects. Pharmacology: 5-methoxy-diisopropyltryptamine, also known as 5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine, 5-MeO-DiPT, foxy methoxy, or just foxy, is a tryptamine that is used recreationally as a psychedelic. 5-MeO-DiPT is orally active, and dosages between 620 mg are commonly reported. Many users note an unpleasant body load accompanies higher dosages. 5-MeO-DiPT is also taken by insufflation, or sometimes it is smoked or injected. Some users also report sound distortion, also noted with the related drug, DiPT. Mechanism of action: Not Available Drug type: Experimental. Illicit. Small Molecule. Drug category: Hallucinogens all Molecule. Drug category: Hallucinogens |
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| 6J + | The C57BL/6 substrain of laboratory mouse … The C57BL/6 substrain of laboratory mouse bred by the Jackson Laboratory. From Jackson: Inbr (J) 150. Origin: substrains 6 and 10 were separated prior to 1937. This substrain is now probably the most widely used of all inbred strains. Substrain 6 and 10 differ at the H9, Igh2 and Lv loci. Maint. by J,N, Ola. From JAX catalog: Type: Inbred Strain Type: JAX GEMM Strain - Spontaneous Mutation TJL Mating System: Sibling x Sibling (Female x Male) Species: laboratory mouse H2 Haplotype: b Generation: F226p (14-DEC-06) Appearance: black Related Genotype: a/a 6) Appearance: black Related Genotype: a/a |
| 6NJ + | The JAX catalog provides the follosing str … The JAX catalog provides the follosing strain details for this strain: Type: Inbred Strain TJL Mating System: Inbred x Inbred (Female x Male) Species: laboratory mouse Generation: F?+4 (21-NOV-06) Appearance: black Related Genotype: a/a Strain Description This is an NIH subline of C57BL/6. It was separated from C57BL/6J in 1951. 5 SNP differences have been identified that distinguish C57BL/6J from C57BL/6ByJ and C57BL/6NJ. Both C57BL/6ByJ and C57BL/6NJ type as follows: 08-015199792-M is C; 11-004367508-M is A; 13-041017317-M is C; 15-057561875-M is G; 19-049914266-M is T. C57BL/6J types as follows: 08-015199792-M is T; 11-004367508-M is G; 13-041017317-M is T; 15-057561875-M is A; 19-049914266-M is G (Petkov and Wiles, 2005.) Strain Development In 1951 C57BL/6J, then at generation F32, were sent from The Jackson Laboratory to The National Institute of Health where they were maintained via sibling mating for decades. In 1980 this subline reached F126 and in 1984 embryos were cryopreserved at the NIH cryopreservation facility. In approximately 1994 some of these embryos were thawed and maintained via sibling mating and this subline was referred to as B6(e84) to specify that it derived from the embryos frozen in 1984. In September and October of 1997 a new set of embryos were cryopreserved from this thawed line by backcrossing +F6 females to their +F5 fathers. In 2005 some of these embryos frozen in 1997 were sent to The Jackson Laboratory where they were thawed and gave rise to C57BL/6NJ. Thus, C57BL/6NJ is devoid of mutations that may have arisen in any C57BL/6N sublines that remained on the shelf after the 1984 freeze. The embryos received by The Jackson Laboratory were thawed, the colony expanded, and re-frozen immediately. This strain is maintained with frequent replenishment from this frozen stock in order to arrest genetic drift. en stock in order to arrest genetic drift. |
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| A current + | "Transient"; inactivating potassium current, involved in delayed onset of firing; interspike interval; action potential repolarization |
| A mating type (yeast) + | A S. cerevisiae mating type cells that secrete a pheromone that in alpha haploids stimulates processes that lead to mating. |
| A-10 cell + | The clonal cell line A10 was derived by B. … The clonal cell line A10 was derived by B. Kimes and B. Brandt from the thoracic aorta of DB1X embryonic rat and possesses many of the properties characteristic of smooth muscle cells. The cells produce spontaneous action potentials at the stationary phase of the growth cycle and exhibit an increase in activity of the enzymes myokinase and creatine phosphokinase. Growth Properties: adherent, A sample of a specimen consisting of a thin plane produced through the use of a microtome or other cutting device, usually produced for the purposes of histological processing and/or microscopic examination. processing and/or microscopic examination. |
| A30P Alpha-Synuclein Drosophila + | These transgenic flies express human A30P … These transgenic flies express human A30P alpha-synuclein. The A30P mutation disrupts an alpha-helical structure in the N-terminal region of the wild type alpha-synuclein. This mutation accelerates alpha-synuclein oligomerization, decreases the rate of mature fibril formation, reduces cellular activity, and reduces cellular affinity for lipids. It has an early onset and a slightly faster aggregation than wild type alpha-synuclein. Drosophila displaying this mutation show symptoms of Parkinson's disease and are used in the laboratory to study this disorder. in the laboratory to study this disorder. |
| A53T Alpha-Synuclein Drosophila + | These mutant flies express a the human mut … These mutant flies express a the human mutant A53T alpha-synuclein mutation. This mutation alters the secondary shift of residue 53 from a positive to a negative value and thereby creates a short contiguous region of negative shifts around the site of the mutation, indicating a local preference for extended backbone configurations. This mutation accelerates alpha-synuclein oligomerization, increases the rate of mature fibril formations, and aggregates much faster than wild type alpha-synuclein. It has an earlier onset. Flies expressing A53T alpha-synuclein show symptoms of Parkinson's disease and are used in the lab to study the disease. are used in the lab to study the disease. |
| AIDS + | Disease of the human immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). |
| AMPA-type glutamate-gated cationic channel + | Cell surface proteins that bind glutamate … Cell surface proteins that bind glutamate and directly gate ion channels in cell membranes. AMPA receptors were originally discriminated from other glutamate receptors by their affinity for the agonist AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid). They are probably the most common mediators of fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. Several subtypes have been cloned, and for some types the traditional distinction from kainate receptors may not apply (MSH). rom kainate receptors may not apply (MSH). |
| Abacavir + | Abacavir (ABC) is the most powerful nucleo … Abacavir (ABC) is the most powerful nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) used to treat HIV and AIDS. (Wikipedia) Pharmacology: Abacavir is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with activity against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1). Abacavir is phosphorylated to active metabolites that compete for incorporation into viral DNA. They inhibit the HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme competitively and act as a chain terminator of DNA synthesis. The lack of a 3'-OH group in the incorporated nucleoside analogue prevents the formation of the 5' to 3' phosphodiester linkage essential for DNA chain elongation, and therefore, the viral DNA growth is terminated. Mechanism of action: Abacavir is a carbocyclic synthetic nucleoside analogue. Intracellularly, abacavir is converted by cellular enzymes to the active metabolite carbovir triphosphate, an analogue of deoxyguanosine-5'-triphosphate (dGTP). Carbovir triphosphate inhibits the activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) both by competing with the natural substrate dGTP and by its incorporation into viral DNA. Drug type: Approved. Investigational. Small Molecule. Drug category: Anti-HIV Agents. Nucleoside and Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors. Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors hibitors. Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors |
| Abarelix + | Synthetic decapeptide antagonist to gonado … Synthetic decapeptide antagonist to gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). It is marketed by Praecis Pharmaceuticals as Plenaxis. Praecis announced in June 2006 that it was voluntarily withdrawing the drug from the market. Pharmacology: Used in the palliative treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Abarelix is a luteinizing hormone agonist that results in suppression of testicular or follicular steroidogenesis. Mechanism of action: Abarelix binds to the gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor and acts as a potent inhibitor of gonadotropin secretion. Drug type: Approved. Biotech. Investigational. Withdrawn. Drug category: Anti-Testosterone Agents. Antineoplastic Agents Testosterone Agents. Antineoplastic Agents |
| Abatacept + | Abatacept is a soluble fusion protein, whi … Abatacept is a soluble fusion protein, which links the extracellular domain of human cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) to the modified Fc (hinge, CH2, and CH3 domains) portion of human immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1). It is produced through recombinant DNA technology in mammalian cells. The drug has activity as a selective costimulation modulator with inhibitory activity on T lymphocytes. Although approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, Repligen has entered a slightly different formulation of CTLA4-Ig into clinical trials (RG2077). Pharmacology: Abatacept is the first in a new class of drugs known as Selective Co-stimulation Modulators. Ordinarily, full T-cell activation requires binding of the T-cell receptor to an antigen-MHC complex on the antigen-presenting cell as well as a co-stimulatory signal provided by the binding of the CD28 protein on the surface of the T-cell with the CD80/86 proteins on the surface of the antigen-presenting cell. CTLA4 is a naturally occurring protein which is expressed on the surface of T-cells some hours or days after full T-cell activation and is capable of binding to CD80/86 on antigen-presenting cells with much greater affinity than CD28. Binding of CTLA4-Ig to CD80/86 provides a negative feedback mechanism which results in T-cell deactivation. Abatacept was developed by Bristol-Myers-Squibb and is licensed in the US for the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis in the case of inadequate response to anti-TNF-alpha therapy. Mechanism of action: Abatacept is a selective costimulation modulator, shown to inhibit Tcell (T lymphocyte) activation by binding to CD80 and CD86, thereby blocking interaction with CD28. Blockade of this interaction has been shown to inhibit the autoimmune T-Cell activation that has been implcated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Drug type: Biotech. Drug category: Antirheumatic Agents otech. Drug category: Antirheumatic Agents |
