]> 2013-05-25T11:41:41-07:00 Epinephrine EPI taken from DrugBank uncurated http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00668 The active sympathomimetic hormone from the adrenal medulla in most species. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic vasoconstriction and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the heart, and dilates bronchi and cerebral vessels. It is used in asthma and cardiac failure and to delay absorption of local anesthetics. (PubChem) Pharmacology: Epinephrine is indicated for intravenous injection in treatment of acute hypersensitivity, treatment of acute asthmatic attacks to relieve bronchospasm, and treatment and prophylaxis of cardiac arrest and attacks of transitory atrioventricular heart block with syncopal seizures (Stokes-Adams Syndrome). The actions of epinephrine resemble the effects of stimulation of adrenergic nerves. To a variable degree it acts on both alpha and beta receptor sites of sympathetic effector cells. Its most prominent actions are on the beta receptors of the heart, vascular and other smooth muscle. When given by rapid intravenous injection, it produces a rapid rise in blood pressure, mainly systolic, by (1) direct stimulation of cardiac muscle which increases the strength of ventricular contraction, (2) increasing the heart rate and (3) constriction of the arterioles in the skin, mucosa and splanchnic areas of the circulation. When given by slow intravenous injection, epinephrine usually produces only a moderate rise in systolic and a fall in diastolic pressure. Although some increase in pulse pressure occurs, there is usually no great elevation in mean blood pressure. Accordingly, the compensatory reflex mechanisms that come into play with a pronounced increase in blood pressure do not antagonize the direct cardiac actions of epinephrine as much as with catecholamines that have a predominant action on alpha receptors. Mechanism of action: Epinephrine works via the stimulation of alpha and beta-1 adrenergic receptors, and a moderate activity at beta-2 adrenergic receptors. Drug type: Approved. Small Molecule. Drug category: Adrenergic Agonists. Adrenergic alpha-Agonists. Adrenergic beta-Agonists. Bronchodilator Agents. Mydriatics. Sympathomimetics. Vasoconstrictor Agents DB00668 Epinephrine 2010-05-06T00:00:00 Molecule ADR Adrenaline Adrenalin Adrenalin Chloride Adrenalina Adrenaline Adrenalinum D-Adrenaline D-Epifrin D-Epinephrine Epinefrin (Czech) Epinefrina (INN-Spanish) Epinephran Epinephrine Bitartrate Epinephrinum (INN-Latin) L-Adrenalin L-Adrenaline L-Adrenaline Base L-Epinephine L-Epinephrine L-Epirenamine Levoadrenaline Levoepinephrine Racepinefrina (inn-spanish) Racepinefrine Racepinefrinum (inn-latin) Racepinephrine ADROP Adnephrine Adrenal Adrenalin-Medihaler Adrenamine Adrenan Adrenapax Adrenasol Adrenatrate Adrenine Adrenodis Adrenohorma Adrenor Adrenosan Adrenutol Adrin Adrine Aktamin Ana-Guard Antiasthmatique Asmatane Mist Asthma Meter Mist Asthma-Nefrin Asthmahaler Mist Asthmanefrin Astmahalin Astminhal Balmadren Bernarenin Biorenine Bosmin Brevirenin Bronkaid Bronkaid Mist Bronkaid Suspension Mist Chelafrin Citanest Forte Corisol Drenamist Duranest Dylephrin Epi EZ Pen Jr Epifrin Epiglaufrin Epipen Epipen Auto-Injector Epipen EZ Pen Epipen Jr Auto-Injector Epirenamine Epirenan Epirenin Epitrate Eppy Esphygmogenina Exadrin Glaucon Glaucosan Glauposine Glycirenan Haemostasin Haemostatin Hektalin Hemisine Hemostasin Hemostatin Hypernephrin Hyporenin IOP Intranefrin Iontocaine Isoptoepinal Kidoline Levonor Levorenen Levorenin Levorenine Lidocaton Lyophrin Medihaler-Epi Metanephrin Micronefrin Mucidrina Myosthenine Mytrate Nephridine Nephron Nieraline Nor-Epirenan Norartrinal Paranephrin Primatene Mist Renagladin Renaglandin Renaglandulin Renaleptine Renalina Renoform Renostypricin Renostypticin Renostyptin Scurenaline Septocaine Simplene Sindrenina Soladren Sphygmogenin Stryptirenal Styptirenal Supracapsulin Supradin Supranefran Supranephrane Supranephrine Supranol Suprarenaline Suprarenin Suprel Surenine Surrenine Sus-Phrine Susphrine Sympathin E Sympathin I Takamina Takamine Tokamina Tolansin Tolax Tolcil Tolhart Tonogen Twinject Vaponefrin Vasoconstrictine Vasodrine Vasoton Vasotonin Adrenoceptor receptor Beta3 receptor Beta2 receptor Beta1 receptor Alpha2C receptor Alpha2B receptor Alpha2A receptor Alpha1D receptor Alpha1B receptor Alpha1A receptor Alpha2D receptor Phenylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase S-Adenosylmethionine Resource:NeuroMouse Database Resource:PNEUMA Keywords Molecule Synonym SuperCategory Phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase Beta2 receptor Alpha1A receptor Beta1 receptor RelatedTo ModifiedDate Label Noradrenergic system Adrenergic system Catecholamine system Is part of Id Neurotransmitter Hormone Drug Has role Definition DefiningCitation Ab Curator CurationStatus Comment Abbrev