Subcellular Parts Table

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The table below is automatically generated by a query that lists subcellular parts

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Overview

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

G cont.

H

Hyaline Inclusion

I

L

M

N

N cont.

O

Organelle

P

R

S

T

V

Detail

	Definition	Synonym
Actin Filament	A filamentous structure formed of a two-stranded helical polymer of the protein actin and associated proteins. Actin filaments are a major component of the contractile apparatus of skeletal muscle and the microfilaments of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. The filaments, comprising polymerized globular actin molecules, appear as flexible structures with a diameter of 5-9 nm. They are organized into a variety of linear bundles, two-dimensional networks, and three dimensional gels. In the cytoskeleton they are most highly concentrated in the cortex of the cell just beneath the plasma membrane (Gene Ontology).
Active Zone Cytomatrix	Filamentous matrix immediately internal to the plasma membrane docking zone (Zhai and Bellen, 2004).
Active Zone Dense Projection	Electron dense projection extending from the cytomatrix into the cytoplasm on which synaptic vesicles are tethered (Zhai and Bellen, 2004).
Active Zone Plasma Membrane	Plasma membrane juxtaposed to the PSD where synaptic vesicle fusion occurs (Zhai and Bellen, 2004).
Age Associated
Alpha synuclein positive inclusion	A cellular inclusion that contains alpha synuclein
Amorphous Vesicle	Category of non-SER vesicle described by Clooney et al. (2002) in dendrites, categorized by smooth membranes, electron-lucent interiors and irregular shapes. Sometimes occurrs in clumps. These vesicles contained gold taken up from the extracellular space, suggesting that they may be part of the endosomal pathway.
Autolysosome	A type of secondary lysosome in which a primary lysosome has fused with the outer membrane of an autophagosome. It is involved in the second step of autophagy in which it degrades contents with acidic lysosomal hydrolases.	Autophagolysosome degrading autophagic vacuole (AVd)
Autophagosome	A vesicle with a double membrance derived from the Endoplasmic Reticulum that encloses cytoplasmic material and organelles to be degraded. Its formation is the first step of the process of autophagy.	autophagic vacuole initial autophagic vacuole (AVi)
Axolemma	The plasma membrane of an axon; it is a specialized trilaminar random mosaic of protein molecules floating within a fluid matrix of highly mobile phospholipid molecules, 7-8 nm in thickness (Gene Ontology).
Barr Body
Basal Body	A short cylindrical array of microtubules and associated proteins found at the base of a eukaryotic cilium or flagellum that is similar in structure to a centriole. The basal body serves as a nucleation site for axoneme growth (Gene Ontology).
Bunina Body	Bunina bodies are small eosinphilic granular inclusions that are 1-3 microns in diameter in the anterior horn cells, appearing either singly or in a group. Sometimes they are arranded in small beaded chains. They stain bright red with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, deep blue with phospotungstic acid hematoxylin and blue with Luxol fast blue. They express cystatin C and consist of electron-dense amorphous material that contains tubules or vesicular structures. The amorphous material frequently includes a cytoplasmis island containing neurofilaments and other micro-organelles.
Cajal Body		Coiled Body
Cellular Inclusion	A nuclear or cytoplasmic aggregate of stainable substances, usually proteins.	Inclusion Body
Cellular Membrane
Cellular Subcomponent
Centriole	A cellular organelle, found close to the nucleus in many eukaryotic cells, consisting of a small cylinder with microtubular walls, 300-500 nm long and 150-250 nm in diameter. It contains nine short, parallel, peripheral microtubular fibrils, each fibril consisting of one complete microtubule fused to two incomplete microtubules. Cells usually have two centrioles, lying at right angles to each other. At division, each pair of centrioles generates another pair and the twin pairs form the pole of the mitotic spindle (Gene Ontology).
Chromatin	The ordered and organized complex of DNA and protein that forms the chromosome (Gene Ontology).
Cilium	Cilia arising from neurons have been described in many different regions of the nervous system. Neuronal cilia have a "9+0" pattern, that is, they are missing the central pair of microtubules that characterizes most cilia (Peters, Palay and Webster, 1991).
Classical Lewy Body	Eosinophilic cytoplasmic lesion, 5 to 15 micrometers in diameter, with a dense eosinphilic core surrounded by a halo of 10 to 20 nm wide radially oriented alpha-synuclein fibrils.	Brainstem Lewy Body
Clathrin Coat	A membrane coat found on coated pits and some coated vesicles; consists of polymerized clathrin triskelions, each comprising three clathrin heavy chains and three clathrin light chains, linked to the membrane via one of the AP adaptor complexes (Gene Ontology).
Clathrin Coated Endocytic Vesicle	A clathrin-coated, membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed by invagination of the plasma membrane around an extracellular substance (Gene Ontology).
Coated Pit	Specialized sites on the plasma membrane exhibiting a clathrin coat; likely vesicles in the process of pinching off (Conner and Schmid, 2003).
Coated Tip	Coated tips of tubular endosomes that appear to be vesicles in the process of budding off (Clooney et al., 2002).
Complex laminated body	Cytoplasmic organelles described in some lateral geniculate neurons composed of sheets of tubules (25 nm in diameter) separated by dense material (about 75 nm wide), which together with the tubules whorl give a structure resembling a 'finger-print '. In 2 um thick Epon-Araldite sections stained with methylene-blue and Azure II, CLBs are dark blue, round or oval bodies of the same order of size as the nucleolus.
Condensed Chromatin	Chromatin that are agglomerated into irregular masses, some attached to the nuclear envelope., A compact and highly condensed form of chromatin (Gene Ontology).	heterochromatin
Contractile vacuole	A specialized vacuole of eukaryotic cells, especially Protozoa, that fills with water from the cytoplasm and then discharges this externally by the opening of contractile vacuole pores. Its function is probably osmoregulatory.
Cortical Lewy Body	Lesion that is less well defined than a Classical Lewy Body and lacks a halo.
Cytoplasmic Vesicle	A vesicle formed of membrane or protein, found in the cytoplasm of a cell (Gene Ontology).
Cytoskeletal Element
Cytosol	The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain membranous or particulate subcellular components (UMLS).
Dendritic Microtubule
Dense Body	An electron dense body, some of which contain granules (Peters, Palay and Webster (1991)
Dense Core Vesicle	40-60 nm vesicle containing an electron dense granule, 15-20 nm in diameter (Peters, Palay and Webster, 1991).
Docked Vesicle	Synaptic vesicle docked at the pre-synaptic active zone.
Early Endosome	Small irregularly shaped intracellular vesicles to which endocytosed molecules are initially delivered (GO: 0005769).
Endocytic Vesicle	A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed by invagination of the plasma membrane around an extracellular substance (Gene Ontology).
Endoplasmic Reticulum	The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached) (Gene Ontology).
Endosomal Membrane
Endosomal Subcomponent
Endosome	A membrane-bound organelle that carries materials newly ingested by endocytosis. It passes many of the materials to lysosomes for degradation (GO 0005768).
Extended Chromatin	A dispersed and relatively uncompacted form of chromatin (Gene Ontology).	euchromatin
Fibrillary Inclusion	Cellular inclusion found in cytoplasm of giant cells of Dieters in lateral vestibular nucleus of the rat consisting of circular areas filled with fine slender filaments about 10 nanometers in diameter, delimited by a wall of varying complexity either a single continuous membrane or a tubular network consisting of a fine filamentous material giving the wall a honeycomb appearance. Similar structures have been discribed in the ventral cochlear nucleus, spinal cord, substantia nigra. First described by Sitelo and Palay, 1968. (from Peters, Palay, and Webster)
Flame-shaped Neurofibrillary Tangle
Free Ribosome
Glial Cytoplasmic Inclusion	A glial cytoplasmic inclusion is a pathological hallmark of multiple system atrophy. GCIs are non-membrane-bound cytoplasmic inclusions composed of 10-40 nm granule-coated fibrils. These inclusions have an abnormal accumulation of alpha-synuclein protein.	Papp-Lantos inclusion
Glial Filament
Glial Inclusion		Argyrophilic Glial Inclusion
Glycogen Granule	Cytoplasmic bead-like structures of animal cells, visible by electron microscope. Each granule is a functional unit with the biosynthesis and catabolism of glycogen being catalyzed by enzymes bound to the granule surface (Gene Ontology). Appears as small, electron dense particles 20-40 nm in diameter. Glycogen is difficult to fix in vivo so amounts may be underestimated (Peters, Palay and Webster).
Golgi Lamellae
Golgi Subcomponent
Golgi apparatus	A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. The Golgi apparatus differs from the endoplasmic reticulum in often having slightly thicker membranes, appearing in sections as a characteristic shallow semicircle so that the convex side (cis or entry face) abuts the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles emerging from the concave side (trans or exit face). In vertebrate cells there is usually one such organelle, while in invertebrates and plants, where they are known usually as dictyosomes, there may be several scattered in the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins produced on the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; such processing includes modification of the core oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, and the sorting and packaging of proteins for transport to a variety of cellular locations. Three different regions of the Golgi are now recognized both in terms of structure and function: cis, in the vicinity of the cis face, trans, in the vicinity of the trans face, and medial, lying between the cis and trans regions.	golgi cisternae
Golgi-associated Vesicle	Any vesicles associated with the Golgi complex and involved in mediating transport within the Golgi or between the Golgi and other parts of the cell (Gene Ontology).
Granular Vesicle	Vesicle of varying size, but usually larger than 45 nm, that has an electron dense "granular" core, associated with noradrenergic and peptidergic cells.
Hyaline Inclusion	Pale eosinophilic inclusions with halos in H&E (hematoxylin and eosin) preparations.	Pale body
Immature Insulin Granule	A proinsulin-containing secretory vesicle which occurs within pancreatic beta cells. Immature insulin are also called "pale granules" due to their pale appearance under an transmission electron microscope. Immature insulin granules bud off the trans-most Golgi cisternae as part of the insulin synthesis process. When the proinsulin in converted to a mature form of insulin and clusters into an electron dense core, it is said to become an mature insulin granule.	Pale granule
Insulin Granule	Membrane-bound secretory granules which contain insulin and occur inside pancreatic beta cells.	Insulin secretory granule
Inter-Golgi Transport Vesicle	A vesicle that mediates transport of cargo within the Golgi complex (for example, between cisternae of the Golgi stack) (Gene Ontology).
Interchromatin Granule	A class of nuclear body measuring 20-25 nm in diameter and distributed throughout the interchromatin space, linked together by thin fibrils. They are believed to be storage centers for various snRNAs, snRNPs, serine/arginine-rich proteins and RNA polymerase II. A typical mammalian cell contains 25-50 clusters of interchromatin granules. Interchromatin granule clusters do not contain the heterogeneous nuclear RNA-binding proteins (hnRNPs) (Gene Ontology).
Intermediate filament	Cytoskeletal element consisting of elongated structure, characteristically 10 nm in diameter, that occurs in the cytoplasm of higher eukaryotic cells. Intermediate filaments form a fibrous system, composed of chemically heterogeneous subunits and involved in mechanically integrating the various components of the cytoplasmic space. Intermediate filaments may be divided into five chemically distinct classes: keratin filaments of mammalian epithelial cells; desmin filaments found in cells of muscles of all types; vimentin filaments found in mesenchymal cells; neurofilaments of neurons; and glial filaments found in all types of glial cells (Gene Ontology).
Intracellular Membrane
Lamellar Body	Membranous inclusions composed of stacks of unperforated cisternae derived from the granular endoplasmic reticulum. Cisternae are spaced at intervals of about 30-40 nm (Peters, Palay and Webster, 1991).
Laminated Body	Inclusion bodies characterized by regularly spaced sheets of tubules arranged in a whorl pattern resembling a fingerprint. They have been observed in neurons of the lateral geniculate nucleus (Peters, Palay and Webster, The Fine Structure of the Nervous System, 3rd ed., Oxford University Press, 1991, pg. 48, figure.)	Laminated inclusion body
Large Vesicle	Vesicles of same size and content of coated vesicles; posited by Clooney et al. (2002) to represent coated vesicles after uncoating.
Late Endosome	Late endosomes are vesicular structures that accumulate internalized components after their passage through early endosomes (GO: 0005700).
Lewy Body	Neuronal inclusion commonly found in damaged neurons. A spherical mass that dispaces other cells composed of abnormally phosphorylated, neurofilament proteins aggregated with ubiquitin and alpha-synuclein. They are intracytoplasmic.	Cytoplasmic Inclusion
Lewy Body-like Hyaline Inclusion	In H&E preparations, neuronal LBHIs show an eosinphilic core with a paler peripheral halo, and their name is derived from their H&E staining features, which resemble those of Lewy bodies in patients with Parkinson's disease. Neuronal Lewy Body-like Hyaline Inclusions consist of filaments and granular materials, exhibit dense cores with rough preipheral halos and lack a limiting membrane. The filaments of these inclusions are composed of approximately 15-25 nm granule-coated fibrils in association with normal 10-nm neurofilaments.
Lipofuscin	Finely granular yellow-brown pigment granules composed of lipid-containing residues of lysosomal digestion. It accumulates in various normal tissues and apparently increases in quantity with age (Adapted from Wikipedia and MSH).
Lumen Cargo	Refers to cargo carried in the lumen of the vesicle; may be crystalized or otherwise bound, e.g., insulin.
Lysosome	Any of a group of related cytoplasmic, membrane bound organelles that are found in most animal cells and that contain a variety of hydrolases, most of which have their maximal activities in the pH range 5-6. The contained enzymes display latency if properly isolated. About 40 different lysosomal hydrolases are known and lysosomes have a great variety of morphologies and functions (Gene Ontology).
Lytic vacuole	A vacuole that is maintained at an acidic pH and which contains degradative enzymes, including a wide variety of acid hydrolases.
Mature Insulin Granule	Insulin secretory granule which occurs inside pancreatic beta cells and contain a large electron-dense core of tightly clustered insulin hexamers. Mature insulin granules are typically ~200-300 nm in diameter, and each contain 150000-280000 insulin molecules in mouse. The precursor of a mature insulin granule is an immature insulin granule, which is also known as a pale granule, as it lacks an electron dense core and is pale in appearance.	Dense core granule Mature granule
Membrane Bound Ribosome	A ribosome that is attached to a intracellular membrane. Does not itself have a membrane surrounding it.
Membrane Cargo	Refers to integral membrane proteins carried via the vesicle membrane.
Membrane bound organelle	Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane (Gene Ontology).	membranous organelle membrane-bounded organelle membrane bounded organelle membrane bound organelle
Microfilament
Microtubule
Microtubule (sao1846835077)	Any of the long, generally straight, hollow tubes of internal diameter 12-15 nm and external diameter 24 nm found in a wide variety of eukaryotic cells; each consists (usually) of 13 protofilaments of polymeric tubulin, staggered in such a manner that the tubulin monomers are arranged in a helical pattern on the microtubular surface, and with the alpha/beta axes of the tubulin subunits parallel to the long axis of the tubule; exist in equilibrium with pool of tubulin monomers and can be rapidly assembled or disassembled in response to physiological stimuli; concerned with force generation, e.g. in the spindle (Gene Ontology).
Mitochondrial Adhaerens Complex	An adherens plaque attached by filamentous strands to mitochondrion found in large synaptic terminals in the calyx of Held. The peripheral membrane facing the plaque is flattened and faces the synaptic presynaptic membrane (Perkins and Ellisman, 2005).	mitochondrial-associated adherens complex
Mitochondrial Chromosome	A chromosome found in the mitochondrion of a eukaryotic cell (Gene Ontology).
Mitochondrial Matrix	The gel-like material, with considerable fine structure, that lies in the matrix space, or lumen, of a mitochondrion. It contains the enzymes concerned with fatty-acid oxidation and enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (Gene Ontology).
Mitochondrial Membrane
Mitochondrial Membrane Inner	The inner membrane of the mitochondria. It is highly folded to form cristae (Gene Ontology). The inner membrane of the mitochondria. It is highly folded to form cristae (Gene Ontology).	inner mitochondrial membrane
Mitochondrial Membrane Outer	The membrane on the outer surface of the mitochondrion, interfacing with the cell cytoplasm (Gene Ontology).	outer mitochondrial membrane
Mitochondrial Subcomponent
Mitochondrion	A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration (Gene Ontology).
Multivesicular Body	A type of late endosome in which regions of the limiting endosomal membrane invaginate to form internal vesicles; membrane proteins that enter the internal vesicles are sequestered from the cytoplasm (Gene Ontology).
Nematosome	Cellular inclusions found in cytoplasm that resemble nuclioli and stain with basophilic stains. They are ball-like structures about .9 microns in diameter and lack a limiting membrane. Structurally, they are composed of tightly packed fine filaments attached to them by means of fine filaments that radiate from their periphery. They were first discribed by Grillo in 1970. (from Peters, Palay, Webster)
Neurofibrillary tangle	Intracellular mass of paired, hellically wound protein filaments (PHF) lying in the cytoplasm of neuronal cell bodies and neuritic cell processes. They contain an abnormally phosporylated form of a microtuble associated with protein, tau.
Neurofilament
Neurofilament (sao1316272517)	A type of intermediate filament found in the core of neuronal axons. Neurofilaments are heteropolymers composed of three type IV polypeptides: NF-L, NF-M, and NF-H (for low, middle, and high molecular weight). Neurofilaments are responsible for the radial growth of an axon and determine axonal diameter (Gene Ontology).
Neuronal Cytoplasmic Inclusion
Neurosecretory Vesicle	Large dense cored vesicles, up to 150-200 nm in diameter found in neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus. The electron dense appearance is dependent upon fixation (Peters, Palay and Webster, 1991).
Neurotubule	Refers to a microtubule found in a nerve cell. The term "neurotubule" may now be obselete; however, it was used in earlier findings.
Non Membrane Bound Organelle	Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes (Gene Ontology).
Nuclear Body	Extra-nucleolar nuclear domains usually visualized by confocal microscopy and fluorescent antibodies to specific proteins (Gene Ontology).
Nuclear Inner Membrane	The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the nuclear envelope (Gene Ontology).
Nuclear Lamina	Meshwork of extremely fine filaments composed of polypeptides called lamins that run parallel with the inner surface of the nuclear envelope (Peters, Palay and Webster, 1991)., The fibrous, electron-dense layer lying on the nucleoplasmic side of the inner membrane of a cell nucleus, composed of lamin filaments. The polypeptides of the lamina are thought to be concerned in the dissolution of the nuclear envelope and its re-formation during mitosis. The lamina is composed of lamin A and lamin C filaments cross-linked into an orthogonal lattice, which is attached via lamin B to the inner nuclear membrane through interactions with a lamin B receptor, an IFAP, in the membrane (Gene Ontology).
Nuclear Membrane	Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the nucleus and form the nuclear envelope; excludes the intermembrane space (Gene Ontology).
Nuclear Outer Membrane	The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the nuclear envelope; continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell and sometimes studded with ribosomes (Gene Ontology).
Nuclear Pore	Any of the numerous similar discrete openings in the nuclear envelope of a eukaryotic cell, where the inner and outer nuclear membranes are joined (Gene Ontology).
Nuclear Subcomponent
Nucleolus	A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome (Gene Ontology).
Nucleolus-associated Heterochromatin	Dense particles of heterochromatin, consisting of a loosely twisted strang ~600 A thick, found associated with the nucleolus (Palay and Chan-Palay, 1974).
Nucleoplasm	That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus (Gene Ontology).
Nucleus	A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells that contains the chromosomes. It is the primary site of DNA replication and RNA synthesis in the cell (Gene Ontology).
Organelle	Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane (Gene Ontology).
Peroxisome	Resembles lysosomes in appearance (Peters, Palay and Webster, 1991). According to the latter, peroxisome is synonymous with microbodies., A small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules; contains some enzymes that produce and others that degrade hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (Gene Ontology).
Pick Body	Pick Bodies are composed of numerous tau fibrils arranged in a disorderly array. Tau protein is a major component. Pick bodies also stain for ubiquitin, alpha-synuclein, and apolipoprotein E.
Pinocytic Vesicle
Plasma Membrane	The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins (Gene Ontology).	cell membrane plasmalemma phospholipid bilayer
Plasmalemmal precursor vesicle	A cytoplasmic vesicle approximately 150 nm in diameter thought to be involved in plasma membrane expansion. Most commonly found in growing axons and dendrites as well as regenerating axons (Pfenninger, Nature Reviews Neurosci 10: 251, 2009)
Post-lysosomal vacuole	A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed late in the endocytic pathway when the pH in the vacuole becomes neutral prior to exocytosis.
Post-synaptic Component
Post-synaptic Density	Synaptic component; electron dense cytoskeletal specialization located on the post synaptic membrane at the site of synaptic contact. The PSD is particularly prominent in glutamatergic synapses, giving the synapse an asymmetrical appearance. This type of PSD is often referred to as "asymmetrical" or Gray's Type 1 in electron microscopic images (MEMartone).
Post-synaptic Vesicle	A synaptic vesicle which has undergone fusion with the membrane of the presynaptic terminal (at the end of an axon) and released its neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.
Pre-synaptic Active Zone Component
Pre-synaptic Component
Pre-synaptic Dense Body	Electron dense structure anchored to the presynaptic membrane closely associated with large numbers of synaptic vesicles, which appear to be tethered to the dense body by several short filaments (from Parsons and Sterling, 2003).	ribbon
Pre-synaptic Grid	A hexagonal array of electron dense particles attched to the cyotplasmic face of the presynaptic membrane, revealed by staining with ethanolic phosphotungstic acid (Peters, Palay and Webster, 1991).
Pre-synaptic Ribbon	Dense plate-like structure lying near and perpendicular to the pre-synaptic junction. Usually associated with pre-synaptic vesicles (Peters, Palay, and Webster).
Primary Lysosome	A lysosome before it has fused with a vesicle or vacuole (Gene Ontology).
RER Membrane
Ribosome	An intracellular organelle, about 200 A in diameter, consisting of RNA and protein. It is the site of protein biosynthesis resulting from translation of messenger RNA (mRNA). It consists of two subunits, one large and one small, each containing only protein and RNA. Both the ribosome and its subunits are characterized by their sedimentation coefficients, expressed in Svedberg units (symbol: S). Hence, the prokaryotic ribosome (70S) comprises a large (50S) subunit and a small (30S) subunit, while the eukaryotic ribosome (80S) comprises a large (60S) subunit and a small (40S) subunit. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation, namely the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site). Ribosomes from prokaryotes, eukaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts have characteristically distinct ribosomal proteins (Gene Ontology).
Rosenthal fiber
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum	The rough (or granular) ER has ribosomes adhering to the outer surface; the ribosomes are the site of translation of the mRNA for those proteins which are either to be retained within the cisternae (ER-resident proteins), the proteins of the lysosomes, or the proteins destined for export from the cell. Glycoproteins undergo their initial glycosylation within the cisternae (Gene Ontology).	Nissl substance
SER Membrane	The lipid bilayer surrounding the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (Gene Ontology).
SER Subcomponent
Secondary Lysosome	Vacuole formed by the fusion of a lysosome with an organelle (autosome) or with a primary phagosome (Gene Ontology).
Skein-like Inclusion	Skein-like inclusions are intracytoplasmic filamentous structures that are frequently encountered in preparations immunostained for ubiquitin. In H&E preparations (staining with hematoxylin and eosin) they are hardly visible or sometimes detected as faintly eosinophilic structures.
Skein-like inclusion	Skein-like inclusions are intracytoplasmic filamentous structures that are frequently encountered in preparations immunostained for ubiquitin. In H&E preparations (staining with hematoxylin and eosin) they are hardly visible or sometimes detected as faintly eosinophilic structures. (PMID: 18026741)
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum	The smooth ER has no ribosomes attached to it. The smooth is the recipient of the proteins synthesized in the rough ER. Those proteins to be exported are passed to the Golgi complex, the resident proteins are returned to the rough ER and the lysosomal proteins after phosphorylation of their mannose residues are passed to the lysosomes. Glycosylation of the glycoproteins also continues. The smooth ER is the site of synthesis of lipids, including the phospholipids. The membranes of the smooth ER also contain enzymes that catalyze a series of reactions to detoxify both lipid-soluble drugs and harmful products of metabolism. Large quantities of certain compounds such as phenobarbital cause an increase in the amount of the smooth ER (Gene Ontology).
Smooth Membrane	Characterized by a nuclear membrane with no indentations.
Sorting Endosome	Multivesicular bodies surrounded by and connected with multiple tubular compartments with associated vesicles. MVB-tubule complexes are posited by Clooney et al. (2002) to correspond to sorting endosomes.
Spine Apparatus	A specialization of the endomembrane system found in some classes of spines consisting of two or more closely apposed lamellae with interspersed dense material.
Star-shaped Neurofibrillary Tangle
Storage vacuole	A vacuole that functions primarily in the storage of materials, including nutrients, pigments, waste products, and small molecules.
Subplasmalemmal Coating	Electron dense material observed coating the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane in certain regions of a neuron, e.g., the axon initial segment; the nodal membrane at the Node of Ranvier
Synaptic Component
Synaptic Vesicle	Secretory organelles, some 50 nm in diameter, of pre-synaptic nerve terminals; accumulate high concentrations of neurotransmitters and secrete these into the synaptic cleft by fusion with the 'active zone' of the pre-synaptic plasma membrane (Gene Ontology).
Taxi body		postsynaptic dense body of Taxi postsynaptic dense body
Transport Vesicle	Any of the vesicles of the constitutive secretory pathway, which carry cargo from the ER to the Golgi, between Golgi cisternae, and to destinations within or outside the cell (Gene Ontolgoy).	secretory vesicle
Tubular Endosome	Endosomal component consisting of cylindrical shaped tubues, ~50 nm in diameter, with smooth outer membranes an dark, grainy interiors (Clooney et al., 2002). Clathrin-like protein coats occur at the ends of some tubular compartments.
Vacuole
Vesicle	Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by membrane or protein (Gene Ontology).
Vesicle Cargo	Refers to the contents contained in the vesicle.
Vesicle Coat	Refers to any specialized coating present on a vesicle membrane, e.g., clathrin.
Vesicle Membrane	The lipid bilayer surrounding any membrane-bounded vesicle in the cell (Gene Ontology).
Vesicle Other	Category for vesicles observed in electron micrographs with unknown function.
Vesicle Subcomponent

Contributors

Akash, Slarson

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